欢迎您走进宝玉石彩石专题展区，这里汇集了来自世界各地的珍贵宝玉石，我们将宝石和玉石分门别类，让您能够更加清晰地了解和欣赏它们。

Welcome to the theme exhibition of gems, jade and colored stones. These precious stones collected from all over the world are displayed in categories for better understanding and appreciation.

宝石和玉石都是天然形成的矿物，需要同时满足稀有、美观、耐久、可加工性优良这几个条件，具有特殊的经济价值和文化内涵。在深入了解它们之前，不妨先分别认识宝石和玉石的两个重要代表：祖母绿和翡翠吧。

Only rare, beautiful, durable and processable natural minerals with special economic value and cultural connotation are selected and carved into gemstones and jades. First let’s meet emerald and jadeite, the representatives of precious stones and jade.

祖母绿是世界著名的四大宝石之一，被誉为绿宝石之王，属于绿柱石族矿物，它的颜色十分诱人，无论阴天还是晴天，无论人工光源还是自然光源下，它总是发出柔和而浓艳的光芒，使人百看不厌。优质的祖母绿加工而成的首饰色泽艳丽，光彩夺目，如果您对祖母绿感兴趣，我馆还有一座祖母绿宫，宫内展示上千件精品祖母绿，让您大饱眼福。

With captivating color, emerald, a beryl mineral, is listed as one of the four world-famous gemstones and honored as king of green gems. On cloudy or sunny days, under artificial or natural light, it emits a soft, brilliant and pleasing glow. The jewelry made from good emerald has bright luster and shines with dazzling brilliance. If you are interested in this item, please come to our emerald palace and feast your eyes on the thousand pieces of premium emerald on display there.

祖母绿是宝石中非常名贵的一类，在玉石翡翠中祖母绿般的颜色叫做帝王绿，作为玉中极品，色调纯正，颜色浓郁，温润华贵。在这我们看到的是一块被切开的翡翠原石，对于翡翠，除了可以购买翡翠饰品外，在市场上还风靡一种翡翠原石的交易方式，那就是传说中的赌石，赌石交易风险极大，有“一刀穷、一刀富，眼缘不佳批麻布”的说法，所以，赌石有风险，入行须谨慎。翡翠作为玉的代表，温润而内敛，而宝石奔放张扬，光彩夺目，这也是宝石和玉石的科学外延与文化内涵的主要区别。

Emerald is a noble precious stone, and the emerald green in  jadeite is called imperial green. As a top-grade jade, it is featured by pure hue, intense color and mild, noble texture. This is a raw jadeite cut open. Now at the market, people either buy jadeite ornaments or trade raw jadeite by way of popular gambling on stones. Discretion must be used as this old business is highly risky: some people strike it rich overnight, some are ruined overnight. A major difference between gemstone and jadeite lies in that the former, as a representative type of jade, is subtle, while the latter shines out in brightness.

接下来，我们首先看下宝石，往左前方，沿展柜移步参观，您看到的是海蓝宝石，它也属于绿柱石族矿物，可以说是祖母绿的孪生兄弟，海蓝宝石因有天空和海水的蔚蓝色而得名。

Let’s start with the gemstones. Please move to the front left. Displayed in this cabinet are samples of aquamarine. Also a class of beryl mineral, aquamarine can be seen as a twin brother of emerald. Its name comes from the latin "aqua marina", meaning "water of the sea", because of its seawater color like the ocean.

宝石不仅色彩丰富美丽，而且晶体形状千姿百态，这里展示了只在地幔形成的橄榄石、外形独特的十字石、具有双重硬度的蓝晶石、璀璨如钻石的锡石、还有通透纯净的托帕石等，琳琅满目，贵气逼人。

Gemstones are distinctive in rich, beautiful colors with crystals of various forms. Specimens of precious stones displayed here include olivine only found in Earth’s mantle, staurolite in peculiar shape, kyanite with two distinctly different values of hardness , cassiterite sparkling like diamond and translucent, pure topaz. They form a collection of glittering preciousness.

在这些琳琅满目的宝石中，红珊瑚虽然不如其它宝石那么坚硬和华光四射，却是难得的“活宝”，因为它属于有机宝石，形成与生物有关。其它的宝石虽然稀有，但在地质活动中还能产生，尽管时间可能长达亿万年，而产生有机宝石的生物一旦灭绝，这种有机宝石将永远无法再生，所以近年来红珊瑚的价格一路攀升，这既意味着广阔的升值空间，也警示着我们，不要无节制地掠夺自然之美。

Although lesser in hardness and radiance than other gems, red coral is a “living treasure” hard to come by: an organic gemstone generated by living creature. Other gemstones are rare but can be regenerated by geological processes, even though it may take over billions of years, while such organic gemstone will die with the extinction of its generating species. That’s why the price of red coral keeps rising in recent years. This not only predicates potential for further spikes, but also warns us against unconstrained harvesting of the beauty of nature.

水晶是展现自然晶体之美的宝石代表，天然白水晶美丽而纯净，墨晶庄重而典雅、紫水晶宁静而神秘。由于水晶美丽的晶体外观，人们赋予它神秘的灵性和文化内涵，认为它象征纯洁和智慧，有助于健康和运势。

Crystal is a representative gem to showcase the beauty of natural crystalline. Natural clear crystal beautiful and pure, smoky quartz dignified and elegant, and amethyst tranquil and mysterious. The attraction of crystal associates it with mysterious power and cultural connotation, a symbol of purity, wisdom and an auspicious item that brings good health and luck.

许多宝石和水晶一样，被赋予了不同的文化内涵以及神奇功效，从科学角度看，这里展示的碧玺的确具有保健功效。碧玺是达到宝石级别的电气石，与电气石黑乎乎的外观不同，它包含了很多色彩，被誉为彩虹之石，其中又以外层绿色、内圈红色的西瓜碧玺尤为名贵。

Like crystal, a number of gemstones are endowed with various cultural connotations and magical powers. Scientific research shows the tourmaline is indeed good for the health. Unlike other Brazinan chrysolite, the gem-class tourmaline is called “rainbow stone” because it incorporates multiple colors, and the watermelon tourmaline with a green rim and red core is especially precious.

碧玺之所以具有保健功效，是因为它是唯一带有电荷的宝石。佩戴它可以平衡细胞间离子电压，保持细胞健康轻松运转，从而提高免疫力。正是因为它具有装饰和保健的双重功能，我馆用百余吨碧玺打造了世界最大的以碧玺鉴赏和康体养生为主的碧玺宫，期待您前往体验。

Tourmaline is good for the health because it is the only gem with electric charge. Wearing this charged gem can balance the ion voltage between cells and maintain their healthy and smooth operation to strengthen the immunity. Our museum houses the largest tourmaline palace in the world. Our visitors are welcome to appreciate the beautiful collection and experience its health & fitness function.

继续前行，您是不是看到了一块块白色大理岩上镶嵌着繁星般的红宝石了呢？其实，它们就是与红宝石以假乱真的尖晶石。不过，在它们之中，也确实混杂着两件真正的红宝石展品，您不妨找一找。红宝石与尖晶石如此相似，它们是怎么区别的呢？这里告诉大家一个直观的鉴别方法：在二色镜下，红宝石会表现出二色性，即深浅不同的红色，而尖晶石只会呈现出本身具有的那种红色。

Now let’s keep on our tour. Do you see some white marbles embedded with star-like "rubies"? Actually, they are spinels. However there are indeed two genuine rubies. Can you find them? When the two kinds are so similar, how do we distinguish ruby and spinel? There is one simple method: under a dichroscope, ruby shows two different shade of red, while spinel only shows its original color.

玉石与宝石一样，在珍贵性上有档次之分，此外，玉石还有硬玉、软玉这种分类方法。硬玉只有一种，就是翡翠，相信在进入展区时您已经见到，其它玉种都属于软玉。沿着箭头，您将欣赏到青金石、树化玉、符山石玉、岫玉等著名的软玉品种，软玉中最具代表性，也最有名的和田玉，将在综合馆为您呈现。

Like gemstones, jades vary in preciousness, and can be divided into jadeite and nephrite. Jadeite, which you have seen when entering this section, is the only jade type of jadeite. All the other varieties are nephrite. Following these arrows, you will see some well-known soft jade varieties like lapis lazuli, petrified wood, vesuvianite and Serpentine Jade. Later in the Comprehensive Hall, you will see Hetian jade, the most typical and famous type of nephrite.

说到玉。玉石界有句话叫做“玉出云南”，这并非说云南是产玉大省，其实说的是云南是翡翠的加工交易集散地，而黄龙玉的出现，实现了真正的“玉出云南”。黄龙玉具有和田玉之温润、田黄石之色泽、翡翠之硬度、寿山石之柔韧等优良特性，因此一跃成为我国的第五大玉种，而且上好的籽料一料难求，所以价格快速持续上涨，创下了玉石界升值速度的奇迹。

There is one jargon in the jade business circle: "jade comes from Yunnan". It does not mean that Yunnan is a leading producer, but that the province is a processing, trading and distribution center for jadeite. But discovery of Huanglong jade truly makes Yunnan a producer of jade. Huanglong jade quickly rises to become the fifth most famous variety of jade in China, as it combines the mild texture of Hetian jade, the color of field-yellow stone, the hardness of jadeite and toughness of agalmatolite. And as the good Huanglong jade is hard to get, the price of this stone has been rising at a record speed.

所谓石之美者为玉，然而有一些美石，在耐久和珍贵程度上一般不及宝石和玉石，但具有瑰丽的色彩或花纹，深受收藏家喜爱，这类美石被称为彩石。

It is said that "the essence of the stone is jade". However, some beautiful stones, though inferior to gemstones and jade in durability and preciousness, win the collectors' heart with their pretty colors or patterns. They are called color stones.

比如这里展现的两块大型文石，它们的形象似腾空而起的青龙，纹路自然而美丽，因此命名“双龙抱璧”，再往前看，您还能看到更令人叫绝的，由天然方解石形成的腊肉，可谓“形色兼备，意蕴活现”，让人食欲大开，不过，在下一个展馆，还有一桌更让人垂涎欲滴的“满汉全席”等待着您品尝呢。

Like these two large aragonites. With natural and beautiful patterns, they look like two soaring dragons and are hence called “twin dragons”. Another item ahead is a perfect piece. It is a slice of bacon formed by natural calcite, an enticing piece of meat with verisimilar color and pattern. Wait, in the next exhibition hall we have a magnificent feast of more than one hundred courses for you.

作为矿物中的精华，宝石和玉石的形成都需要同时满足五种苛刻的条件：适宜的温度、压力、空间、化学成分和充足的时间。这就是为什么宝石和玉石稀有，及某种宝石或玉石比另一种更稀有的原因。从宝石的形成、开采、挑选、加工、分级、销售，到最后卖到购买者手中，涉及到地球亿万年的地质作用和上百万人心血的结晶，所以宝玉石来之不易，且买且珍惜。

Formation of gems and jades, the quintessence of minerals, requires five critical conditions: the right temperature, pressure, space, chemical composition and sufficient time. That’s why both gemstones and jades are rare. It also explains why one specific variety of gem or jade is particularly precious. Both gems and jade have traveled a long journey: they have been formed over billions of years of geological processes, mined, selected, processed, graded and sold through the hard work of hundreds of thousands of people before they come into the possession of the buyer. So they deserve to be treasured.

若您欣赏过这里的宝石和玉石后还觉得意犹未尽，在综合馆，还有一个宝玉石赏鉴区，为您呈现它们的前世今生。现在，请您移步到下一个展区。

If you are interested in more about these stones, there is one gemstone & jade appreciation section in Comprehensive Hall where you will learn more about their past and present. Now, let’s go on to the next exhibition section.

欢迎走进宝玉石赏鉴专题展区，在这里，您将欣赏到来自世界各地的宝石、玉石原石和经过艺术家精湛技艺加工而成的宝玉石工艺品，见证宝玉石的前世今生。接下来，就请您欣赏这些美丽的宝玉石吧！

Welcome to the theme exhibition of gems and precious stones. Here you will see some raw jade, gemstones from all over the world and gem, jade crafts processed exquisitely by artists, and witness the past and present of these beautiful stones. Now, follow me.

您最先欣赏到的是著名的红宝石，红宝石主要成分是氧化铝，它炙热的红色使人们总把它和热情、爱情联系在一起，被誉为“爱情之石”，象征着爱情的美好、永恒和坚贞。天然优质的红宝石非常稀少，被国际珠宝界公认为四大著名宝石之一。大理岩中的红宝石矿床是优质红宝石的主要来源。

This first item is the famous ruby. Ruby is known as a“love stone”, as its fiery red symbolizes passion, emotion and the stone conveys good wishes of sweet, royal and lasting love. Good natural ruby is rare, and considered one of the four renowned precious stones by the international jewelry circle. Top-grade ruby mainly comes from the ruby deposit of marble.

红宝石前方的粉色的碧玺，是宝石级别的电气石，其实碧玺不仅有粉色，它的色彩丰富多变，被誉为“落入人间的彩虹”，而且透明度高，看到它，能给人一种开心喜悦的感觉，因此自古以来深受人们的喜爱。目前碧玺是仅次于钻石、红宝石、蓝宝石、祖母绿的彩色宝石之一，备受收藏家热捧。

The ruby ahead is a pink tourmaline, a gem class brazinan chrysolite. In fact, tourmaline is not only in pink, it has multiple other colors and is referred to “the rainbow in man’s world”. Moreover, it’s featured by high transparency, and its look is pleasing, therefore tourmaline is much loved by people of all ages. Now it’s a hot colored gemstone for collection, and ranks only behind diamond, ruby, sapphire and emerald.

水晶在大众的印象中，是比较常见的一种宝石，但也因此成为最为普遍，知名度最高的宝石之一，其实，水晶品种非常多，价格跨度也很大，品质优良的水晶，十分稀有，价格甚至比钻石更贵，所以无论追求奢华、还是美丽，您总能找到一种适合自己的水晶。常见的水晶为无色透明的水晶，另外也有绿水晶、紫水晶、黄水晶、茶晶等，像眼前这种黑色的水晶——墨晶还是比较少见的。

Crystal is one of the most common gemstones, and therefore enjoys the highest popularity. In fact, there are a wide variety of crystals, their prices are quite different, and top-grade crystals are rare, and even more expensive than diamond. Whether you go after luxury, or beauty, there must be a suitable one for you. Colorless and transparent crystal is common, and other varieties include green quartz, amethyst, topaz and citrine. This black crystal, morion, is relatively rare.

前方的萤石也是以颜色著称，被称为“世界上最鲜艳的宝石”，但萤石硬度较低，所以通常情况下，很多珠宝商和矿物学者不把萤石视作宝石，但这并不影响它在历史上的地位，因为在古代，它被用于制作大名鼎鼎的“夜明珠”。

This fluorite before you is also known for its color, and is considered “the brightest precious stone in the world”. With a low hardness, however, fluorite is not accepted as a precious stone by jewelers and mineralogists. This does not affect its historical status: the material for making the celebrated “luminous pearl”.

转进中间的长廊，这里展示的展品包含着浓浓的中国元素，主要展现的是中华的玉文化。

In this mid gallery, you will see items with rich Chinese elements, the embodiment of Chinese jade culture.

首先我们看到的是硬玉之王——翡翠。作为大家熟知的名贵玉种，翡翠兼具东方的静谧意韵与西方的华贵雍容。 20世纪末至今，盛世玩玉的观念使翡翠的收藏热一浪甚过一浪，翡翠更是从装点美化人们生活的珠宝饰品，渐变为承载传播玉文化的使者。

What you see now is Jadeite, the jade with a highest hardness. As a well-known jade variety, jadeite combines the eastern tranquility and western elegance. Since the end of the 20^th century, as more and more people love and collect jade, jadeite has risen from a gemstone for life ornament to an envoy for promoting the jade culture.

在中国人的意识中，成双成对是一个很吉祥很喜庆的说法,我们都希望好事成双，所以在这里的展品都是成对摆放的。

For the Chinese, double is auspicious and good things should be in pairs, so all the items here are in paired display.

玛瑙与绿松石在我国盛行的宗教中都有着特别的含义，玛瑙是佛家七宝之一。绿松石在我国已有7000多年的历史，在藏族地区更是备受推崇，被藏族同胞视为神的化身，是权力和地位的象征，被用于第一个藏王的王冠，当作神坛供品。基本上每个藏民都拥有某种形式的绿松石。

Agate and turquoise have special meanings in prevailing Chinese religions, and agate is one of the seven Buddhist treasures. Turquoise is highly regarded and considered as a divine incarnation and a symbol of power and status by the Tibetan people. It was used to make the crown of the first Tibetan king, and served as an altar offering. Almost every Tibetan keeps a turquoise of certain form.

剥皮抛光的树化玉带有自然界鬼斧神工变幻莫测的神秘气息，它以坚硬的质地、奇特的造型、丰富的色彩、独特的纹理而广受喜爱，只要稍加琢磨，便是一件精美绝伦的艺术品。

Dendrite enjoys a wide popularity for its hardness, peculiar appearance, rich colors and distinctive texture, while the polished piece reflects the mystery and exquisite workmanship of the Nature, and is therefore a gorgeous artwork beyond compare.

红碧玉质地滋润细腻，图纹丰富多彩，颜色鲜艳诱人，而且含有对人体健康有益的铁离子，此外，红色在中国传统文化中代表喜庆、吉祥、兴旺发达，红碧玉中蕴含着这种深层次的文化精神因素，能营造出吉祥的氛围，让人赏鉴到玉文化的内涵，因此具有良好的观赏价值、收藏价值和经济价值，深受广大收藏家的喜爱。

Red jasper is featured by moist and delicate texture, diverse patter, bright color, and contains iron ions that are beneficial for the health. In red, a traditional Chinese color of happiness, the gemstone radiates the profound spirit of festivity, propitiousness and prosperity, creates an auspicious atmosphere and conveys the connotation of jade culture. Therefore it is deeply loved by the collectors and has good aesthetic and economic value.

与红碧玉一样，鸡血石也具有着喜庆吉祥的红色，因为颜色像鸡血一样鲜红而得名，极具观赏之美，由于硬度不高，鸡血石稍加雕琢就能作印章、雕件，因此与田黄石、青田石被誉为印石三宝，并与寿山石、青田石、巴林石并列，享有中国"四大国石"的美称。

Bloodstone is also an aesthetic stone with thicken-blood color that symbolizes festivity and auspiciousness. With a low hardness, it can be polished and carved to make seal and items of various shapes. Bloodstone together with field-yellow stone and Qingtian stone are honored as “the three precious sealstones”, and together with agalmatolite, Qingtian stone and barlin stone are referred to “four national stones” of China.

旁边的符山石玉因特别稀少，在市面上很难见到，大多被少数博物馆、收藏家以及矿物学家所收藏，价值极其珍贵。其中颜色达翠绿色，且光泽强、透明度好的符山石可与优质绿色翡翠相媲美，品质最佳的符山石玉也被称为金翠玉。

Vesuvianite rarely shows up at market and is very expensive due to its scarcity, and is mainly collected by the museums, collectors and mineralogists in a few countries. The vesuvianite in jade green, with strong luster and good transparency is comparable to top-grade green jadeite.

在我国古代，最具有传奇色彩的宝贝莫过于夜明珠，关于它的历史典故、神话传说数不胜数，这件神秘的宝贝，今天就呈现在了您的眼前，在古代，夜明珠相当稀有，很多时候甚至还充当着镇国宝器的作用呢。看到它，您是不是想起了一号馆的发光石呢？其实，这颗夜明珠，就是发光石中含有的矿物之一——萤石打磨而成的。

Luminous pearl is a legendary treasure in ancient China and there are numerous historical allusions and mythical tales about it. In former times, luminous stone was rare and it was generally considered a national treasure. Now the pearl is right before your eyes, doesn’t it remind you of the luminous stone in No.1 exhibition hall? Actually, this luminous stone is made by polishing fluorite, one constituent mineral of luminous stone.

旁边的展品是石榴子石，它的晶体很像鲜红的石榴籽。石榴子石颜色丰富，气质百搭，适合各个年龄阶段的女性，因此它还有“女人石”的别称。作为一种中档宝石，它的价格范围也很广，所以无论是哪个经济收入层次的女性，都可以购买到适合自己的石榴子石。

The item on its side is a garnet, whose crystal is in the likeness of a pomegranate seed. In rich colors, garnet is suitable for females at all ages and hence is dubbed “women’s stone”. As this middle-class gem is sold at wide-ranging prices, women at any income level can afford a favorite garnet.

接下来这对展品中，左边的是虎眼石，又称虎睛石，是一种具有猫眼效应的宝石，多呈黄棕色，宝石内带有仿丝质的光纹，属于珍贵高档宝石之一。黄虎眼石如同猫眼般霸气犀利的眼神，散发出璀璨的光芒，不觉让人增添勇气与自信。

The left one of this pair of items is tiger’s eye, a gemstone with cat’s eye effect. Mostly in yellowish-brown, it is a precious high-end gemstone with silk-like light streaks. Yellow tiger’s eye looks as sharp as cat’s eye and shines out with great brilliancy, strengthening your courage and confidence.

右边的白松石，也属于优质玉材，在白色的背景上，分布有不规则的银色脉纹和斑块，其风化的程度较高。白松石以瓷白的瓷松犹如上釉的瓷器为最优，白松石可以切割成戒面，还能做成串珠，手链，也可雕刻成玉雕制品。

White turquoise on the right, a high-quality jade too, is severely weathered, with irregular silver veins and spots running on its white body.  Best white turquoise is featured by smooth porcelain white, looking like glazed chinaware. It is generally made a decorative cut, or used to make beads, bracelet or carved into jade products.

继续前行，您将看到的是祖母绿，在一号馆，相信您已经了解过它，现在再次与它邂逅，也期待您在宝石宫与它再次相逢。

You have seen emerald in No.1 exhibition hall, now you run into it again in this precious stone palace.

祖母绿旁的这件展品叫做拉长石，又称月光石，它具有大面积明亮的变彩，非常漂亮，是长石类宝石中的珍品。据说，价值连城的“和氏璧”，极有可能就是拉长石。湖北的地质工作者曾在神农架地区发现了拉长石，当地地貌特征与古文献记载相吻合，也是一个佐证，虽然在和氏璧重见天日之前，我们不敢妄语，但这样的传说，也为拉长石增添了几分神秘色彩。

The item beside the emerald is labradorite, or called “moonlight stone”. With large area of color changing, it looks bright, gorgeous and is therefore a top-grade feldspar gemstone. It is said that the priceless “jade of the He family” could very well be a labradorite. Hubei geologists found labradorite in Shennongjia forest region, and the local landform agreed well with the ancient records. While this may serve as evidence, we shall not make any assertion before this legendary treasure shows up again, but the tale makes labradorite more mysterious.

最边上的这件展品就是软玉之王——和田玉。传统概念的和田玉特指新疆和田地区出产的玉石，其中的羊脂白玉闻名于世。由于和田玉开采难度较大，加之本身材料稀有，雕刻技术也尤为讲究，所以它的升值潜力和空间都会很大。

Hetian jade, the king of soft jade, is displayed on this outmost side. Hetian jade generally refers to the jade turned out in Hetian City, Xinjiang, among which Suet white jade is well-known throughout the world. Hetian jade enjoys great potential and appreciation space for its mining is difficult, the material is scare, and the carving is technically demanding.

走出这条长廊，是一片彩色的天地，一簇美丽的玫瑰花迎接着您，它是由石膏在沙漠地区形成的玫瑰花状晶簇，叫做沙漠玫瑰，花瓣逼真、千姿百态、瑰丽神奇。虽然只有花朵默默地开放在沙漠中，但它永不枯萎凋零，因此成为大漠少年男女互表钟情、传达爱意的珍贵礼物。

Out of this gallery, we enter into a colorful world, and now this bundle of beautiful rose is greeting us. This is a rose-shaped crystal cluster formed be gypsum in the desert, called “desert rose”, with life-like pedals of magic, magnificence and various poses. These flowers blooming lonely in desert never wither and fade away, and thus serve as precious gift to convey love and emotion between local young boys and girls.

沙漠玫瑰的右前方，是绿色的贵翠，贵翠是在贵州晴隆发现的新玉种，因颜色艳丽、玉质温润，硬度与翡翠接近而得名，贵州人把它称为贵翠，也是希望它能与翡翠齐名。

What lies at the right front of desert rose is the green Guizhou jadeite, a new jade variety found in Qinglong, Guizhou. It’s named so because of the bright color, warm and moist structure, close hardness with jadeite and the locals’ wish of equal popularity between this jade and jadeite.

蓝色的青金石在靠窗的位置，即使光线强烈，依然掩盖不住它的光彩，具有庄重深蓝色的它，除了制作珠宝首饰之外，还能用于雕刻佛像、达摩、瓶、炉、动物等，此外还是重要的画色和染料。著名的敦煌莫高窟的壁画，彩塑上就有用青金石作颜料。

Blue lapis lazuli is displayed by the window, and even strong light fails to cover its brilliance. In solemn dark blue, it is used to make jewelry, and to carve Buddha statutes, Bodhidharma, vase, stove and animals. Lapis lazuli is still an important material for painting and dyeing, and it was used as pigments for the murals and painted sculptures of the famous Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.

绿色的韭闪石是角闪石族矿物中新发现的达到宝石级的品种，与红色的尖晶石一样，镶嵌在白色的大理岩上，更突显出它们的晶体色泽鲜艳和形态美丽，也让您在这片彩色宝石天地中，领略到宝玉石原石之美。

Green pargasite is a newly-discovered gem class hornblende mineral. The pargasite and red spinel mounted together on white marble present to you in this colored gemstone world the bright luster and pretty form of crystals, and the beauty of raw gems and jades.

展厅的尽头，还有一个精美别致的雅间，如果说在展厅里，您欣赏到的是宝玉石的前世，那么走进雅间，您将欣赏到它们的今生，这里展示的，是美丽的宝玉石加工打造的成品首饰，都是由本馆原创设计，具有独家风格和技术专利，请尽情欣赏吧！

Welcome to this elegant room at the end of the exhibition hall. What you saw in the hall were the past state of gems and jades, and here you can see their present forms, the finished jewelry processed with these beautiful stones under our design, with independent style and technical patent. Enjoy your eye feast!

到这里，您的博物馆奇妙之旅就告一段落了。在博物馆您见证了生命的演化、探索了地球资源，也了解到地球从诞生到成为我们美丽的家园这个过程的每一步都来之不易。今天，我们享受着地球的资源，欣赏着地球的美，也需要思考，我们应该怎样做才能更好地将地球的馈赠分享给更多人，留存给子孙后代呢？

Now, your wonderful journey in the museum comes to an end. In the museum, you witnessed the life evolution, explored the Earth’s resources, and realized the hardships of our planet’s evolution from its birth to the present beautiful home. Today, while enjoying the Earth’s resources and appreciating its beauty, we have to think how we can share the planet’s resources to more people and preserve them for the later generations more efficiently.

Welcome to the Theme Exhibition of Ebony and Precious Tress. Here we have a lush forest accommodating the once fallen and buried precious trees that the museum has saved over the years from construction sites, mine development projects and natural calamities such as debris flow, earthquake and lightning stroke.

您首先看到的横放的树木，是来自老挝的花梨木，花梨木属于红木中的一类，自明清以来就是制作家具的贵重木材，之所以贵重，首先是因为它们生长缓慢，成材需要上百年时间；其次是木材中能散发香味，一来清新怡人，二来可以防止虫蛀；另外，用它制作家具，只能选用靠近树心而木纹流畅的部分，像这么大的一棵树，能用作木材的部分并不多。

The one you see first, placed horizontally, is a rosewood tree from Laos, which belongs to the redwood family. It has been expensive since the Ming and Qing dynasties when it began to be used as a precious raw material for making furniture. The reasons for its high price are as follows: it takes over one hundred years for a rosewood tree to grow into useful timber; the smell of rosewood is refreshing and pleasant, and can keep off insects and worms; for a rosewood tree, only the part close to the center of the trunk and with a continuous wood grain is suitable for making furniture.

继续前行，前方是一棵挺立的大树，远观犹如起舞的仙女，它是来自云南临沧的千年茶树王，这样的老茶树极其稀有，您可以站在它的正前方看，这个老茶树的树心已经中空，也正印证了一句古话“树老心空，人老百事通”。这棵老茶树虽已退出产茶的历史舞台，然而它的价值却以另外一种方式延续。

What will we see next is a standing tree. Seen from a distance, it looks like a dancing fairy maiden. Actually it is a king of tea trees with an age of over one thousand years. A tea tree with such an old age is extremely rare. Standing in front of it, you can see the hollow trunk. There is an old saying that an old tree having a hollow trunk is like an old man with more room in his mind to learn about more things. This old tree, though no longer able to produce tea, still has its value in another way.

在茶树王的前方有一棵粗大的树木，它是来自缅甸的花梨木。与茶树王一样，它的树龄也超过千年，不过，它最大的特色不只在于树龄，还在于它的树围，它也是一件荣获大世界基尼斯之最的展品。

In front of the tea tree king there is a big rosewood tree from Myanmar. Similar to the tea tree king, the rosewood tree also have lived for more than a thousand years. And this item, principally featured by its age, and girth, is also recognized by China Records.

在世界各国，都有被誉为国树或者国宝的树木，比如我国的国树是银杏，而在这个展区，您将看到缅甸的国树柚木，以及有缅甸国宝之称的黄金樟。

There are some trees around the world known as national tree or national treasure. For example, ginkgo tree is the national tree of China. Here you will see teak, the national tree of Myanmar, and golden camphorwood, one of the national treasures of Myanmar.

我们沿着茶树正前方的通道前行，请往您的左右两边观看，展区两侧拔地而起的这两棵高大的柚木，其实它们是同一棵树的上半段与下半段，整棵树的实际高度约达50米，除了高外，它木质坚硬，用刀砍上去，能把刀砍钝；它的叶子揉搓之后会呈现血红色，可以用作颜料，有血树和胭脂树之称，如此优良的木材使它无愧于国树这个称谓，还被誉为万木之王。

Now let's go along the path in front of the tea tree. Please take a look at your both sides. The two teak trees towering from both sides of the exhibition area actually are the upper half and the lower half of the same tree, which is 50 meters in height. The tree is not only tall but also very hard—if you cut it with a blade, then the blade will be blunt. If you rub the leaves on your hands, you will find your hands stained blood red—that is why the tree also is called as blood tree and rouge tree. Actually, its leaves can be used for producing pigment. Thus this useful tree is worthbeing named as the national tree, and it also is known as the King of Woods

缅甸国宝黄金樟也是一种硬度较高的名贵木材，由于含有极重的铁质和油质，因此剥开皮后不用上漆，随着时间的推移，色泽会越来越金黄而更显尊贵。在这里，黄金樟被依树形而雕刻成了一只威风凛凛的猛虎，说是雕刻，其实人工痕迹并不多，除了眼睛、獠牙和虎爪外，身上的树瘤和尾部都是纯天然的，这件黄金樟木根艺作品也是我馆荣获大世界基尼斯之最的展品之一。

Golden camphorwood, a national treasure of Myanmar, is also a kind of precious timber with high hardness. As it is rich in iron and oil, paint finish is unnecessary after it is peeled. And its golden color will become brighter and more of nobility as time goes by. This piece of golden camphorwood was cut into a majestic tiger shape. In fact, there is not much artificial change required: the burls and tail on the tiger body are all in their natural shapes, except the eyes, tusks and tiger claws. This piece of art, made from the roots of the golden camphorwood tree, has also been recognized by China Records.

除了缅甸的国树，这里还有挪威的国树云杉，它就在黄金樟虎的正对面，长得如同一个巨大的大蒜。其实，蒜瓣部分是树木受到伤害后自愈留下的巨大树瘤，云杉的正常树干高大通直，由于树节少而木质柔软、易加工、具有良好的共鸣性能，因此是制作乐器的良好材料。

In addition to the national tree of Myanmar, we also have a spruce tree, which is known as the national tree of Norway. It is right in the front of the golden camphorwood tiger, standing like a huge garlic bulb. The "garlic cloves" actually are the big burls left after the self-recovery of the tree. A healthy trunk of spruce tree should be tall and straight. With less burls and a soft texture, spruce wood is easy to process and has good resonance performance, suitable for making musical instruments.

在黄金樟虎侧面，还有一种很多人听说过，但没见过的珍贵树种——金丝楠木，在古代，它是地位的象征，专用于皇家宫殿和少数寺庙的建筑。金丝楠木的木材表面金丝浮现，气味淡雅幽香，纹理顺畅而结构细密，而且冬天触之不凉，夏日抚之凉爽，因此历代帝王的龙椅都要选用优质金丝楠木制作。金丝楠木自清代起就很少了，但皇家对它的喜爱程度却未降低，导致到乾隆时一料难求，乾隆甚至动起歪脑筋，以修缮明陵为由“偷梁换柱”，拆下好木料给自己修建寿陵，乾隆由此成了我国盗墓狂人中身份最显贵的嫌疑犯。

On the side of the golden camphorwood tiger, there is a rare tree that many may have heard of, but not seen. It is the gold phoebe tree, a status symbol in ancient times, and a dedicated raw material for furniture in royal palaces and a small number of temples. The dragon thrones of Chinese emperors have been made of high-quality gold phoebe, as it has gold-silk-like wood grain, elegant fragrance, a smooth texture and a solid structure, and delivers a hand feeling warm in winter and cool in summer. Gold phoebe wood has been short of supply since the Qing dynasty, but this did not hinder the Qianlong Emperor's love of gold phoebe wood. The emperor even took renovating Ming Tombs as an excuse to collect high-quality gold phoebe timber for his own tomb—in this sense, we can say that Qianlong is the most prestigious tomb raider in China's history.

很多珍贵树木都具有香味和杀菌功能，而且质地坚硬，当具备这些优良性质的珍贵树木受到地震、洪水、泥石流等自然灾害，被埋入河床低洼处或沼泽湿地中，在缺氧、承压状态下，经过漫长的时间而炭化、矿化，便形成展区内这些黑色的乌木，有“植物木乃伊”之美誉。

Many of precious trees are fragrant and germicidal, and have a hard texture. In natural disasters such as earthquake, flood and debris flow, the precious trees with these excellent properties were buried in the low-lying places such as riverbed or marsh, then were carbonized and mineralized after a long period of time of oxygen deficit and compression and finally were turned into these pieces of black wood shown here—that is also why they are called mummy plants.

乌木有着木的古雅和石的神韵，而且不腐朽，不变形，不褪色、不生虫，被誉为东方神木，也被认为是镇宅、辟邪、纳福的宝物，古话说家有乌木半方，胜过黄金万两，足见它们的珍贵。

As ebony has both the classic beauty of wood and the romantic charm of stone, and does not decay, deform, fade, discolor or attract insects, it is also called as the Oriental Sacred tree, and known as a treasure that can protect a home from evil spirits and attract good luck. As the old saying goes, half a cubic meter of ebony is more expensive than a ton of gold, which shows how precious ebony is.

在这个主题展区，您欣赏了许多来自森林的名贵树木，以及来自沼泽湿地的乌木，它们身价不凡，象征着财富与权势，不过它们仅仅是庞大的树木家族的极少部分成员，其实树木带给我们的不仅是经济财富，更重要的是它们为人类赖以生存的环境创造的生态效益。树木在生态和环境上的价值远远超过作为木材的价值，如果毁坏森林，就是毁坏人类自己的家园。

We have seen a lot of famous and precious trees collected from forests and ebony trees from marshes and wetlands. They are quite valuable, symbolizing wealth and power. However, they are only a very small part of the tree family. Actually, trees do not only bring us economic wealth, but also, and more important, the ecological benefits for the environment in which human beings live. The ecological and environmental value of trees far exceeds the value they produce as timber. Destroying forests is the same as blowing up our own homes.

森林、湿地与海洋，是地球上重要的三大生态系统，接下来，请您移步到综合馆，探索海洋世界，而且是两亿多年前的海洋景观。

Forest, wetland and ocean are the three key ecosystems on the earth. Please move to comprehensive exhibit hall to explore the ocean world and the ocean views more than 200 million years ago.

欢迎您来到二号馆，现在您走进的是观赏石文化专题展区，观赏石是天然形成而具有观赏价值的岩石。

Welcome to the No.2 exhibition hall themed on the ornamental stone culture. Ornamental stones refer to the natural stones with values for appreciation.

进入展区，您首先欣赏到的是被称为吉尼斯之冠的“菊花石王”。菊花石因纹路美丽、酷似菊花而得名。它的花蕊是一枚距今2.7亿年时的二叠纪早期的大型腕足类动物化石，在比较封闭的海湾地带，腕足类生物死亡之后创造了一个缺氧的还原环境，一种成分为碳酸锶的矿物按照结晶习性，生成这种放射状排列的花状结晶，然而碳酸锶矿不稳定，而逐渐被碳酸钙所取代，才形成这罕见的特大石菊花。

In this section, you will first meet the “king of chrysanthemum stone” listed by China Records. Chrysanthemum stone is so named because its beautiful pattern resembles chrysanthemum flowers. In this case, the stamens is in fact the fossil of a gigantoproductus, a kind of large brachiopod living in the early Permian period 270 million years ago. In a closed bay area, this species created an anoxic reducing environment after death, where one strontium carbonate mineral routinely took the form of such radial flower-like crystal. The unstable strontium carbonate mineral was then gradually replaced by calcium carbonate to form the present rare large chrysanthemum.

在观赏石文化中，人们总结出了四大观赏要素，分别是色泽、质地、造型和纹路。

The four factors of fun stones for appreciation are color, texture, shape and pattern.

沿着地上箭头前行，您将欣赏到的是造型生动有趣的十二生肖石，它们分别是猴、羊、马、虎、鼠、猪、兔、蛇、鸡、狗、还有这边牛气冲天的牛和小白龙。您不妨找找看，自己的属相在哪里。特别值得一提的是，您看这蛇头是不是与真蛇无异，其实它是来自戈壁的一块玛瑙，蛇眼部分是水晶，让人不得不感叹大自然的鬼斧神工。

Following the arrows on the floor, you will see twelve symbolic animals in lively and interesting postures, namely monkey, sheep, horse, tiger, mouse, rabbit, snake, rooster, dog, and the powerful ox and dragon on this side. You can look for your zodiac animal among them. Look at that vivid snake head. It is an agate from the Gobi Desert, while its eyes are formed by crystals. You can not help wonder at the great creativeness of the Nature!

从地球上数量众多、种类丰富的岩石中找出惟妙惟肖的十二生肖造型石，是非常不容易的，而在同一块岩石上，能同时将色泽、质地、造型这几个观赏要素完美呈现出来，就更加难得了，继续前行，您将欣赏到这么一件难得的美石，它就是这块金元宝，具有富贵的金黄色，质地为坚韧的硅质，造型完美逼真，浑身圆润光滑，中间凹陷部分可蓄水而有纳财的寓意，可谓石全石美，极为珍贵难得！此外，它还是我馆收藏的第一件展品，馆长因它而与石结缘，因此意义非凡。

It is not easy to collect these life-like animals from the great variety of rocks on the Earth, and it is even more difficult to find the one piece of stone with perfect color, texture and shape. Step forward and you will see a beautiful stone – this gold ingot. It is a rare and precious stone with the right significance and form. The golden color symbolizes wealth. The tough texture of silicon is vividly shaped with a perfect round contour, smooth surface. The depression in the middle can hold water, signifying a source of bountiful treasures in Chinese culture. Moreover, it is the first item collected by this museum. Because of it our curator grew a deep interest in the study of stones.

集齐十二生肖造型石已属不易，如果要集齐一桌荤素齐备、用料精细、山珍海味应有尽有的满汉全席奇石宴，那难度就更不可想象了，不过，为了欢迎远道而来的您，我馆特别准备了双料的满汉全席，传统满汉全席共108道菜，而我们今天给您准备的，足足有216道菜，可谓双倍豪华、双重美味，荤菜素菜，水果甜点，道道精致，盘盘可口！这桌满汉全席是从全国各地收集而来的，由玛瑙、玉髓、碧玉、石英、化石、钟乳石等多种材质组成，其中绝大多数为来自内蒙古阿拉善左旗的戈壁石，所以即使您牙口、胃口再好，也只能饱饱眼福啦，不过您可以围着它走上一圈，找到自己喜欢吃的菜，回家亲自做上一桌慢慢品尝。

It is difficult to gather all those twelve symbolic animal stones. However, it is incredible to prepare a full stone banquet of delicacies cooked from land and sea produce with elaborate seasonings. Traditional banquet includes 108 dishes, here this luxurious one is twice the size: 216 delicious dishes, including meat, vegetables, fruit, and dessert. Most dishes consist of Gobi stones from Alxa Left Banner, Inner Mongolia, and the others are agate, chalcedony, jasper, quartz, fossil and stalactite collected from all over the country. What a pity! it is only a feast for the eyes, not for our visitors to taste! Which ones are your favorite?

赏石清心，赏石怡神，赏石长寿，赏石能给人以视觉享受，引发美的启悟和联想。

Enjoying the fun of stones cleans the heart, relaxes the mind, brings physical health and spiritual pleasures, and inspires the pursuance of beauty.

作为一种普遍存在的物质，岩石在地球上几乎无所不在；作为一种文化的载体，岩石从远古而来，陪伴人类一直走到现在、也将伴随人类走向未来。岩石承载了人类文明，人类的生存发展，离不开多样的环境资源，例如森林，就是一个巨大的资源宝库，请您移步到名木乌木专题展区，欣赏远古森林中丰富多样的珍贵树木资源吧。

Rocks are everywhere in the world. As something that has long since been a part of our life all the way from the past through the present into the future, rocks also become a crucial part of human culture and civilization. The everyday life and development of human is dependent on diverse environmental resources. For instance, the forest is a huge reservoir of resources. Please go on to the theme exhibition of ebony and other precious wood for a look at the various wood resources in ancient forest.

欢迎您走进地球生物史专题展区。在这一展区我们将通过化石或生物遗存，了解地球生命的演化更替，见证地球的兴衰变迁。进入展区，如同穿越时空隧道，地球46亿年的演化历程在此一览无余。

Welcome to the theme exhibition of Biological History. Here by looking at fossils and biological remains, we will witness the circle of life and the vicissitudes on the Earth. Entering this section is like entering the time tunnel to travel through the 4.6 billion years of evolution.

在穿越前，我们需要整理出一条清晰的时间线，请您仔细观察这张《地质年代表》，它好比是我们的时空导航图，反映了地球大约46亿年的历史。这段历史大致可分为太古代、元古代、古生代、中生代以及新生代五个阶段，而地球的生命，经历了从无到有，从简单到复杂，从海洋到陆地，从低等到高等的演化发展过程。展区内展示的各种化石，为我们提供了重要的信息，提醒着我们对生命的珍视，对地球物种的保护。现在，您的旅程已经开始，请跟随时间的脚步，探访这些地球的远古过客吧。

Before we take this trip, we need to establish a clear timeline. Look at this Geologic Time Scale. It’s our navigation chart through the history of 4.6 billion years. The scale is divided into five eons: The Archean, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Life on this planet has gone through an evolutionary development from inorganic to organic, from simple to complex, from the ocean to the land and from lower to higher forms. Fossils in here provide crucial information as reminders for respect of life and protection of species. Now the journey begins. Please follow the steps of time and visit these old inhabitants on the Earth.

您现在看到的这位过客尽管在地球上不是最早出现的，但却是地球历史上有重要代表意义的生物，它就是生活在三叠纪海洋里的鱼龙，足足有八米多长，且有着4条巨大而像船桨一样的鳍条以及流线型的身躯，是中生代著名的海洋霸主之一，鱼龙家族的成员体型有大有小，在后面的综合馆，您还将欣赏到这个家族中体型最大以及最小的两类成员代表。

This creature is not the first tenant on the Earth, but it is a significant representative in the planet’s history. The Ichthyosaur roamed the Triassic seas. Over eight meters in length, on its streamlined body it has four large fins like oars. As one of the famous top sea predators, their family members came in different sizes. Later in the Comprehensive Hall, you will meet the largest and the smallest members of this family.

史前的海洋中不仅存在鱼龙这样的凶猛生物，也有柔美似花的娇嫩生物，它们就在这幅天然的石版画中，外表如同盛开的百合花，因此叫做海百合，但它们可不是植物，而是一种棘皮动物，在后面的综合馆，您将欣赏到它们更加美丽而震撼的姿态。

Prehistoric oceans were not just home to ferocious creatures like ichthyosaurs. They were also home to tender and pretty creatures such as the ones in this natural lithograph. Looking like a blooming lily, they were called crinoids. They were a type of echinoderms. Later you will meet them in their most breath-taking forms.

到现在，虽然您还没有见到地球最古老的过客，但最年轻的化石已经来到了您身边，它就是这件猴头化石，被方解石结晶体包裹形成，由于在方解石结晶的环境下不易形成化石，又因它形成在生物来源较少的溶洞中，并且仅用了一万年左右的时间就形成了化石，所以非常珍贵，可谓是一件国宝级的宝贝。

Now you are looking at the youngest fossil on the earth. This fossilized monkey skull is cloaked in calcite crystals. As the environment of calcite crystal is not conducive to fossilization, this item is very rare because it was formed in a cave with limited bio resources and fossilized in only ten thousand years. For this reason, it is a national treasure.

看过了国宝级的宝贝，接下来还有宇宙级的宝贝，请您沿着地上箭头前往欣赏。它就是天外来客——陨石，由于成分是铁镍合金，所以也叫做铁陨石或者天铁，它的年龄和地球一样古老，密度达到了水的13倍，具有优良的延展性。从切片上可以看到横竖交织的篱笆状结构，叫做“维思台登纹”，是铁镍陨石独有的构造。

Having seen the national treasure, we will now follow the arrows to see a cosmic treasure. It’s a guest from outside our world—a meteor. Made up of iron and nickel chromium, it is called an iron meteorite. As old as the Earth itself, it has a density 13 times of that of water and excellent ductility. From the cross-section, we can see a crisscross structure. It’s called Widmanstätten pattern, a structure unique to iron-nickel meteors.

从陨石开始，地球46亿年的故事拉开了序幕。在早期地球的原始大气中，没有氧气，后来出现了制造氧气的原核菌藻类生物，它们是地球最古老的生命形态之一，比如这里展示的约20亿年前元古代的蓝藻。

With this piece of stone, we start the story of Earth over 4.6 billion years. Initially there was no oxygen in the primitive atmosphere of the new planet. Later prokaryotic microorganisms appeared. They can produce oxygen and are among the earliest forms of life. For instance, this is a blue algae from Proterozoic eon 2 billion years ago.

随着氧气含量的增加，生命逐渐出现了多样化发展的趋势，为寒武纪生命大爆发创造了条件，这就要提到我们云南人引以为傲的澄江动物群了。

Increase of oxygen led to diversified growth of lives. This created conditions for the Cambrian explosion. One evidence of the explosion is Chengjiang Fauna discovered in Yunnan.

澄江动物群的发现，生动再现了五亿三千万年前海洋生物世界的真实面貌，充分展示出寒武纪早期生物的多样性，为揭开寒武纪生命大爆发的奥秘提供了极珍贵的直接证据，将包括脊索动物在内的大多数现生动物门类的最早化石记录追溯到寒武纪初期，因此被誉为20世纪最惊人的科学发现之一。

Chengjiang Fauna depict the thriving marine world 530 million years ago. They demonstrate the biodiversity during the early Cambrian period and provide extremely valuable direct evidence to the secret of proliferation of life forms at that time. The earliest fossil record of most types of existing animals, including chordates, are traced to the early Cambrian. This was considered one of the biggest scientific discoveries in the 20^th century.

寒武纪最具有代表性的生物是三叶虫，三叶虫化石是一种国际标准化石。它在地史时期里大概存在了近3亿年，贯穿了整个古生代。继续往前参观，您将看到它这3亿年来所演化出来的不同属种。

The most typical organism in Cambrian is trilobite. trilobite fossil is a guide fossil across the world. It lasted for nearly 300 million years in the geological history throughout the entire Paleozoic era. Moving along and you will see the different variations of trilobites evolved over the 300 million years.

走到这里，您已经看到了许多地球远古过客形成的化石，这些化石的形成需要哪些条件呢？首先，它们需要具有能保存为化石的硬体，如这里展示的菊石、石燕的介壳、三叶虫的几丁质外壳、鱼龙的骨骼等，不具硬体的古生物在特殊的条件下虽然也可以形成化石，但机会极少。其次，它们的遗体要能在绝氧的环境下被保存。第三，要有足够的时间，使古生物遗体具有更坚硬的物理特性和化学稳定性。第四，在形成之后没有因地质灾害而被破坏。

So far you have seen many fossils of the ancient inhabitants on the Earth. What are the conditions required for fossilization? First of all, they must have hard body parts that can be preserved as fossils, for instance, shells of ammonoids and spirifers, chitin shells of trilobites and bones of ichthyosaur. Ancient extinct life without hard body parts could be fossilized under very special circumstance. But the chances are rare. Secondly, their remains must be preserved in an oxygen free environment. Thirdly, there must be sufficient time for the remains to grow in physical hardness and chemical stability. Finally, the fossils were lucky enough to escape geological disasters.

化石的形成是一个复杂而漫长的过程，能保存为化石的生物可以说是十万里挑一，也就是说，十万个生物遗体，可能仅有一个能形成化石，尽管如此，人们依然在世界各地发现了大量不同种类的三叶虫化石，可以想象它们的种类有多么丰富、分布有多么广泛、数量有多么庞大，这也是三叶虫成为古生代国际标准化石的重要原因，在这里，就展示了由不同种属三叶虫组成的一张全家福：具有发达的复眼和流线型身材的是善于游泳的“游泳健将”；眼睛不发达的是海底钻泥的“小爬虫”；介于两者间的是一类底栖游移而四处闯荡的“自由虫”。

Fossilization is a complicate and lengthy process. Only one out of one hundred thousand animal remains could possibly be transformed into fossil. Despite this astounding possibility, a large amount of trilobite fossils was found across the world. You can imagine they were rich in variations, extensively distributed and huge in population. That’s why the trilobite fossils are guide fossils of Paleozoic era. Here we can see a family picture of different variations: this one was a good swimmer with well-developed compound eyes and a streamlined body; this one, with under-developed eyes, ducked into the bottom of the sea; in between them is an adventurer that kept close to the ground and roamed freely for fun.

进入到奥陶纪时期我们会看到一些浑身长满凸瘤和棘刺的化石——海林擒，这些底栖固着而生活在浅海底的海林擒，其实跟旁边这些海星、海胆一样，属于棘皮动物。海胆、海星也是生活在海里的浅水区，但属于底栖游移生活的族群，他们与海百合也有着密切的亲缘关系，都属于棘皮动物门，有着共同的始祖同一物种会随着环境变化而不断演化发展，从奥陶纪开始，三叶虫尾甲增大，头尾嵌合，这使得它们在被天敌追杀时，可以卷缩为球团状而迅速沉落海底，幸运地逃过一劫。但展示在这里的这几只球团状三叶虫却非常不幸，躲过了天敌的猎杀，却沉落到了缺氧的闭塞海湾水底，窒息而亡，也因此成了展馆里难得一见的“自杀而亡”的三叶虫化石。

Coming into the Ordovician period, we find a lot of fossils with bumps and spikes. Cystoids lived at the bottom of shallow seas and stuck to one place. Along with the starfish and sea urchins around it, it was a kind of echinoderm. The starfish and sea urchins lived at the bottom in the shallow part of the sea, but they moved around. They are all close relatives to crinoids. Species descending from the same ancestor evolve to adapt to the changing environment. The Ordovician trilobites had larger tail shell so that when they were hunted, they could tuck their heads into the tail shell, curl into a ball and drop quickly to the bottom to save themselves. But these balled-up trilobites here were very unlucky. They escaped their enemies only to find themselves struggling for air at the bottom of a closed-up gulf and finally die of suffocation. These fossils of suicides are rarely seen elsewhere.

三叶虫有许多天敌，在奥陶纪，最主要的就是角石，与章鱼一样，角石也属于头足动物，长有触手，所不同的是，它们身后拖着一个尖锥状的硬壳，这个时期的它们，是统治海洋的新秀，最爱吃的就是三叶虫的头部，缺少了头部的三叶虫遗体形成的化石非常像蝙蝠，这也是古人把三叶虫的尾部化石称为蝙蝠虫的原因。

Trilobites have many native predators. And their major predator in the Ordovician period are oceras. Like octopus, oceras are Cephalopods with tentacles. They are different in that they have a cone-shaped hard shell. They were rising to dominate the Ordovician seas and their favorite delicacy is trilobite’s head. A fossil of trilobite’s body with its head missing looks like a bat, and that’s why this fossil used to be called “bat worm”in ancient China.

跨过志留纪，您即将走进泥盆纪，这个时期腕足动物达到了最繁盛的阶段，其中最具有代表性的就是鸮头贝，它的外形像猫头鹰的头，而猫头鹰的学名叫做“鸮”，因此得名。它也是石林地区特有的泥盆纪标准化石，因为石林在2亿多年前的古生代时期是一片汪洋大海，现在变成陆地了，我们才发现了这些珍贵的化石，这些化石也向我们诉说着遥远的地球演化历史。

We are now passing over the Silurian into the Devonian period. This was the peak for Brachiopods. Stringocephalus is a typical member of this family. It looks like the head of an owl, so its Chinese name is literally “owl’s head shell”. It is the Devonian guide fossil in Stone Forest. 200 million years ago, the Stone Forest was a vast expanse of sea. It has been transformed into a piece of land over time. These precious fossils, unearthed by people, tell us stories of long-flowing evolutionary history.

泥盆纪也是珊瑚最为繁盛的时期，这里展示有像拖鞋一样的拖鞋珊瑚，牛角一样的贵州珊瑚、灵芝一样的床板珊瑚等等。继续往前看，还有具有返老还童这种“回春现象”的杯珊瑚，它像杯子摞起来一样节节生长，当下边的个体衰老之后，又会在杯口部分长出新的个体，如果人类也能像这样，就可以长生不老了，但这只是一个美好的愿望，因为越是高等的生物，生长和繁衍的基因条件就越严格而复杂。所以，我们人类作为高等的灵长类动物，是不会像螃蟹一样，断失了脚爪后，还能自己重新生长出来。

The Devonian period is also the peak for corals. You can see specimens of Calceola that looks like a slipper; this one like a bull horn is found in Guizhou and this Tabaluta looks like a large mushroom. Keep going and you will see a cup coral that never grew old. It grew up in sections, much like a stack of cups. When the lower section became decrepit, a new section emerged from the rim of the cup. If we can do that, we will stay young forever. But this is just wishful thinking. Because the higher the form, the more complex and strict are the genetic conditions for growth and reproduction. That’s why humans as the higher form primate are incapable of growing a new foot to replace the old broken one like a crab.

到此为止，您所看到的化石都来自海洋，到了石炭纪，海水逐渐退去，陆地逐渐增加，产生了大量滨海沼泽地，非常适合蕨类植物生长，它们的繁盛为煤炭的形成奠定了良好的基础，因此石炭纪成为地球最重要的第一个全球性成煤时期。这里展出的是叫做大羽羊齿植物群的蕨类植物群落化石，是我国及东南亚地区二叠纪时期的标准化石群落，也是找煤矿的直接标志，当我们发现大羽羊齿植物群的化石，可能再往下挖就会发现含煤层了。

Up till now all the fossils we have seen come from the sea. At the Devonian period, the sea gradually withdrew and increasing surface of land was exposed, producing a large amount of swamps around the sea. Swamps are best for ferns. Flourishing ferns were important for the formation of coal. Therefore, Devonian is the first and most crucial period for global coal formation. This is fossil of a Gigantopterisian flora. It’s the typical Permian flora fossil found in China and Southeast Asia. It’s also a sign for discovery of coalmines. When fossils like this are found, it’s probable that underneath lies the coal-bearing strata.

二叠纪是古生代的最后一个时期，经历了地球历史上最严重的一次生命大灭绝事件，让三叶虫、床板珊瑚等生物退出了地球的历史舞台，并迎来了一个崭新的时代——中生代，这是一个属于爬行动物的时代，也被称为恐龙时代，陆地霸主恐龙登场，而海洋生命在大灭绝之后，也逐渐开始复苏，除了您之前见到的鱼龙之外，还有鹦鹉螺、菊石等由角石演化而来的生物。

The Permian is the last period of Paleozoic era. The most severe extinction of life in the history of the Earth took place, eliminating creatures like trilobites and Tabulata but ushering a brand-new era: Mesozoic era. This was the time for reptiles. It’s also called the Age of Dinosaurs. Dinos appeared as the dominators on the land. On the other hand the marine life began to recover from the mass extinction. In addition to the Ichthyosaurs that we have met before, there were new creatures evolved from orthoceratoidea including Nautilus and ammonites.

鹦鹉螺因壳的纹路酷似鹦鹉羽毛而得名，它能够通过增加或减少壳中的空气含量使自己上升或下潜，这启发了人类对潜水艇的构想，人类第一艘核潜艇就命名为鹦鹉螺号。菊石是由鹦鹉螺的一个支系演化而来的，它们壳上的纹路更美丽而复杂，酷似美丽的菊花瓣，因此得名，与鹦鹉螺相比，它们演化更快，也更善于游泳，所以分布广，属种丰富，和三叶虫一样，属于标准化石，人们经常能在高山上发现生活在海洋中的它们的化石，因此它们是地壳运动沧海桑田变化的见证者。

Nautilus has a pattern on its shell that looks like the feather of parrots. It could increase or decrease the air in its shell to rise or dive in the sea. This inspired the vision of submarine so the first nuclear submarine was named after it “Nautilus”. Ammonite was developed from a branch of Nautilus. The pattern on its shell is more complex and beautiful-like the petals of a chrysanthemum. They evolved faster than Nautilus and were better swimmers, so they live in many places with rich variations. Ammonites, like trilobites, are guide fossils. Many fossils of this sea life were found on mountains, indicating the vast changes taking place as a result of crust movement.

从海洋到陆地，您的旅行也将经历一次转折，请沿着地上箭头往右转，您将了解到中生代陆地霸主——恐龙。恐龙根据食性可以分为植食性、肉食性和杂食性，植食性恐龙不吃草，并不是因为不喜欢吃，而是因为那时候还没有青草，它们没那个口福。它们最主要的食物就是这里的桫椤树。桫椤树的出现比恐龙还要早一亿年左右，但是今天，恐龙早已灭绝，它们依然有少量存活，是我国重点保护的八大类植物之一，被誉为“活化石”。

Travelling from sea to the land, we will now turn right with the arrows on the ground. Here you will meet the Mesozoic master of the land—dinosaurs. Dinosaurs can be divided into carnivores, herbivores and omnivores based on their diet. Herbivorous dinosaurs did not feed on grass, not because they did not like grass but because at that time there was no grass so they could not enjoy that luxury. They mainly fed on this type of tree: Alsophila spinulosa. This tree appeared about one million years earlier than the dinosaurs. However, today when the dinosaurs have long gone into extinction, a limited number of the trees still live on. Known as “a living fossil”, it is one of the eight categories of plants under prioritized protection in China.

肉食性恐龙主要以植食性恐龙为食，也会吃其它动物，比如鱼类。鱼类分软骨鱼和硬骨鱼，这里展示的中生代的鳞齿鱼就属于硬骨鱼，它的尾鳍上部较大，下部较小，这叫做半歪尾型的结构，而现代大家熟悉的鲤鱼、鲢鱼等硬骨鱼的尾鳍是上下对称的，叫做“正尾”。

Carnivorous dinosaurs mainly preyed on herbivorous dinosaurs, but they hunted other animals such as fish. There are cartilaginous fish and bony fish. This Mesozoic lepidotus displayed here is of bony type. The upper lobe of its tail fin is larger than the lower: this structure is called abbreviated heterocercal tail. Today we see the ordinary bony fishes such as carp and chub have homocercal tail fins with two symmetrical lobes.

软骨鱼中人们最熟悉的是鲨鱼，在通道中央展示的恐龙骨骼下方，就展示了生活在侏罗纪的一种大型淡水鲨——弓鲛鱼的鱼鳞化石，在它周围的四块是它的粪便化石，从它的粪便化石中还能发现一些其他鱼类的牙齿、碎骨和鳞片，证明这种淡水鲨鱼是凶猛的肉食性动物。鱼鳞与鱼粪都能形成化石，可鱼骨为什么没有化石呢？这其实是因为软骨很难保存。上方的恐龙骨骼不属于软骨，所以就保留下来了。

The best known of cartilaginous fish is shark. Underneath the dinosaur bones displayed in the center of the aisle, we see the scale fossil of a large fresh water shark—hybodus—living in the Jurassic Period. The four pieces around the scale fossil are coprolites. These coprolites contain the teeth, crushed bones and scales of other fish, indicating that this shark was a ferocious predator. Why there is no fossil of fish bone when the scales and feces of the fish were fossilized? The reason is that cartilage was vulnerable and rarely preserved. The dinosaur bones survived because it is not made up of cartilage.

这里展示的恐龙骨骼有椎骨和射骨，椎骨上还保留了脊椎内的脊髓和神经孔，尽管并不是完整的恐龙骨架，但椎骨都如此巨大，可以想象它有多么庞大了。在前方还有两组恐龙蛋化石，植食性恐龙蛋呈丛状摆放，蛋体呈球形，蛋壳较薄而表面比较光滑。肉食性恐龙蛋细长，表面有显著的点线状花纹分布，蛋窝整体呈放射状排列，并且大致成对摆放。

Here we see pubic bone and vertebrae with spinal nerve cavity and spine inside the vertebrae. Though this is not the complete skeleton, we can imagine the size of the dinosaur from the huge vertebrae. Ahead of us are two groups of dinosaur eggs. The eggs of vegetarian dinosaurs were arranged in clusters and mostly in spherical shapes. The shells are thin with smooth surface. The nest of carnivorous dinosaurs is arranged in a redial form. The oval eggs were lined in pairs with lineal ridges on the shell peculiar to predatory dinosaurs.

恐龙与蚊子曾生活在同一时代，馆里最小的化石，就是来自侏罗纪的古蚊子，您移步到对面就会看到这件珍贵的展品，仔细观察蚊子化石，你会发现它吸血用的口器都清晰可见，这样的化石保存下来非常不易，被人类发现更是不易，所以是一件难得的珍品。强大的恐龙早在6500万年前的白垩纪灭绝了，但弱小的蚊子现在依然繁盛，这说明，生物能够生存发展，并不是取决于强大的身体，而是取决于对环境的适应能力，所谓“物竞天择，适者生存”，恐龙的灭绝为哺乳动物的演化发展铺平了道路，也拉开了新生代的帷幕。

Dinosaurs and mosquitos used to live in the same world. The smallest fossil in our museum is an  Jurassic mosquito. You can walk to the other side for better appreciation of this valuable item. Watching closer, you can clearly see its proboscis for sucking blood. It is extremely difficult to preserve such a fossil over the time. And it is even rarer for this fossil to be discovered. In this sense, it is really precious. The big and strong dinosaurs went into extinction in the Cretaceous Period 65 million years ago. Yet the small and weak mosquitos still flourish today. This tells us living beings survive and grow not on strength and size but on their abilities to adapt to changing environment. When enacting “survival of the fittest in natural selection”, extinction of dinosaurs paved way for the evolution of mammals and ushered in the Cenozoic Era.

新生代是一个全新的开始，哺乳动物崭露头角，海洋、陆地、天空都能看到它们的身影，我们人类凭借超群的智力和广泛的适应能力，成为了地球的新主宰，其它哺乳动物也开启了多元化发展的道路，有的哺乳动物像霸王龙等肉食性恐龙一样，成为了顶级的掠食者，比如剑齿虎，锋利如剑的犬齿使它面对大型而皮厚、满身长毛的猎物时能游刃有余。

Cenozoic Era is a brand-new start. Mammals appeared in the sea, on the land and in the sky. Humans with outstanding intelligence and extensive abilities for adaptation, became the new dominant species on the Earth. Other mammals, too, embarked on a path of diversified development. Some mammals, such as saber-toothed tiger, grew into supreme predators like the carnivorous tyrannosaurus rex. It had canine teeth sharp like sabers and hunted down with ease those large preys with thick skin and long fur.

有的哺乳动物像植食性恐龙一样，成为体型庞大的巨无霸，比如大象，这里展示了东方剑齿象的牙齿化石，它的臼齿就像坦克的履带一样，前端的臼齿因老化而被磨平，后端的新臼齿又会像履带一样不断往前推移而逐渐替换磨损的旧牙。东方剑齿象是我们所熟悉的史前巨兽猛犸象的祖先，在后面展区我们还会与猛犸象相遇呢!

Some mammals grow into the gigantic size of herbivorous dinosaurs, like elephant. Here we can see the teeth fossils of a stegodon orientalis. Its molar teeth are much like the caterpillar tread of a tank: when the ones in the front were worn flat, the new ones in the back would move forward like a rolling tread and gradually replace the worn old teeth. The stegodon orientalis is the ancestor of the prehistoric giant mammoth. We will meet this familiar friend later in the museum.

我们可以从动物的身体结构来判断它的习性，比如从牙齿判断食性，肉食性动物的犬齿锋利尖锐，适合撕扯或者刺入猎物身体，如这里展示的鬣狗和鲨鱼，植食性动物的牙齿没有犬齿，它们的门齿和臼齿适合切断或磨碎食物，如大唇犀和托苏羊，杂食性动物的牙齿兼有两者的特征，如熊猫和我们人类，具有犬齿和臼齿。

We could tell the habits of an animal by its physical structure. For instance, we could tell the diet habits by its teeth. Carnivorous animals, such as the hyena and shark, have pointy and sharp canine teeth good for stabbing into the preys and tearing them apart. Herbivorous animals, such as the chilotherium and tossunnoria, do not have canine teeth. Their front teeth and molar teeth are good for breaking and grinding food. Omnivorous animals, such as panda and human, combine the two features by having both canine teeth and molar teeth.

我们还可从肢体判断活动方式，继续前行，您将看到一条稍小的鱼龙，它的正对面，还有一条海龙，尽管都是海生爬行动物，但鱼龙的鳍条表明它只能生活在水中，而海龙的趾爪表明它既可以生活在水中，也可以到陆地上活动。

We can also tell their way of movement by their limbs. Keep going and you will see a smaller ichthyosaur and a thalattosaur across from each other. Though they are both marine reptiles, the fin ray of the ichthyosaur indicates it could only live in water while the toes of the thalattosaur indicates it could both live in the water and move on the land.

没有牙齿和四肢的动物也有自己独特的生存本领，比如您绕过鱼龙与海龙往左转，即将看到的现代海洋中最大的贝类——“砗磲”，它有着厚重的外壳，所以几乎不移动，静静地待在热带海洋的珊瑚礁中，通过的方式获取食物、甚至还能在体内种植虫黄藻获得营养，难怪长得这么巨大。砗磲直径能超过一米，甚至可以做婴儿的澡盆，人们常把砗磲做成手链串珠，在佛教中，它被誉为佛家七宝之一，非常珍贵。

Animals with no teeth and limbs have their own unique way of making a living. Let’s turn left to see the largest shell in the modern sea: tridacna clam. With a thick and heavy shell, it barely moves but lies quietly among the coral reef of tropical sea and gets food by filter feeding, even by cultivating zooxanthellae in itself. No wonder it grows so large. Some of these clams, with diameter over one meter, can be used as bathtubs for babies. People often use them to make wrist beads. It is prized as one of the seven Buddhist treasures.

另外一种海洋动物就更珍贵了，它们附着在石头上，分泌出一根细细的管子，这种细管状动物以海洋中微小生物为食，逐渐生长，成为长满苍苍白发的生发石。生发石曾经连续在三届奇石展上斩获金奖，号称“一发千金”。其实它是一种叫做“头盘虫”的动物，因为它的头部有个像圆盘子一样的构造而得名。

This marine creature is even more valuable than the huge clams. It attaches to a stone and secretes into a thin tube. This thing that looks like a tube feeds on marine microorganisms and grows into a “hair stone” covered with “white hair”. This kind of stone has won gold medals for three consecutive years on Strange Stone Exhibition and is wildly famous for its high price “one thousand for one hair”. In fact it is a creature named Cephalodiscus because on its head it has a structure in the shape of a disc.

在生发石对面，您将看到一种特别的树木化石——硅化木，它是火山喷发之后，炙热的火山灰笼罩并吞埋着森林，厚厚地覆盖在这些树木上，经过漫长时间，二氧化硅逐渐取代了木质成分而形成。当硅化木的品质达到了宝石级，它就成为前方展示的树化玉，这件树化玉藏品形似中华鲟，集化石、玉石、观赏石三重身份于一体，具有极高的收藏、观赏和研究价值。

On the opposite of the hair stone, you will see a special kind of wood fossil: silicified wood. When volcano erupted, trees were destroyed and covered by volcanic ashes in thick layers. Over a long geologic period, silicified wood was formed because silicon dioxide gradually took the place of the woody ingredient. When the quality of silicified wood reaches gem class, it produces petrified wood. This item of petrified wood in the likeness of a Chinese sturgeon, is at once a fossil, a jade and a fun stone with very high value for collection, appreciation and research.

穿越时空，您见证了地球生命从无到有，从简单到复杂的演化发展历程，现在地球上的丰富多彩的生物界就是经过这个漫长的历程逐渐进化形成的。但生命的演化发展并不是一帆风顺的，在这个过程中，出现过寒武纪生命大爆发那样的繁盛景象，也有过白垩纪大灭绝那样的可怕灾难，以史为镜，可以知兴替，这段生物演化发展史提醒我们，要保护地球，保护生物的多样性，否则，人类也将成为下一次生命大灭绝的受害者。

Journeying through time and space, you have witnessed the evolution of life on the Earth from non-organic to organic, from simple to complex forms, all the way through a long, long process to the dynamic and diversified world of lives that we see today. However, the evolution and development of life has not always been a story of success. On the way, we saw flourishes of lives during the Cambrian Explosion, but there were also terrible disasters like the Cretaceous extinction. History is a mirror that reflects the vicissitude of life. The history of biological evolution and development reminds us the importance of protecting the Earth and safeguarding the biodiversity. Otherwise humans will become the victim in the next round of great extinction.

从远古走来，您即将深入地球内部，探索地壳丰富的物质及资源。请移步至地壳物质组成及资源专题展区。

Having traveled along the time line, now you will be taking a trip to the depth of the Earth for a glimpse of the abundant materials and resources in its crust. Please go on to the theme exhibition of the physical composition and resources of the Crust.

欢迎走进地质作用及现象专题展区，这个展区可以说是对整个一号馆的总结，它将带我们了解形成矿物的成矿作用，岩石的成因及类型，引起地表变化的各种内力、外力地质作用及由这些作用产生的地质现象。

Welcome to the exhibition section of geological processes and phenomena, a summary section of No.1 Exhibition Hall. We will hear introduction of mineralization, ore genesis and types, internal process and surface process causing terrain transformation and the resulting geological phenomena.

我们看不到地球在过去几十亿年中所发生的地质作用，但可以通过保留在岩石中的各种地质现象，推演地质作用的过程，分析地球演化历史，以利认识过去、重塑历史、探寻资源和环境保护，这就是研究地质作用的意义。

We can’t see the geological processes taking place on earth in the past billions of years, but can deduce these processes and analyze the Earth’s evolutionary history via the geological phenomena recorded on the rocks. The significance of geological process research lies in knowing the past, reshaping the history and exploring the ways of resource and environment protection through the above deduction and analysis.

进入展区，您首先看到的这块其貌不扬的灰色石块，叫做包卷石，它是地质作用的客观物质记录，在它的褶皱上，记录了它从松散的沉积物到形成岩石的过程。

In this section you will first notice this grey stone with unattractive appearance. It is named convolute rock and objective physical records are preserved on its wrinkles about the geological processes when rock was formed from loose sediment.

地质作用造就了丰富多彩的世界，矿物也是在各种地质作用下形成的，这些形成矿物的地质作用叫做成矿作用，在该展区内，我们以矿床种类最丰富的热液成矿作用为例，为您介绍成矿作用。

A colorful world is created by the geological processes, and minerals are formed through mineralization of such processes. We will explain mineralization to you here with hydrothermal mineralization process that is most common for deposits.

热液成矿作用是指含矿的热水溶液在一定的物理化学条件下，通过充填、交代等方式，把搬运而来的有用矿物堆积，形成矿床的作用。按照热液的温度，可以划分为低温、中温和高温三种类型。

Hydrothermal mineralization refers to the process of deposit forming through accumulation of valuable minerals transported by ore-bearing hydrothermal solution via filling, metasomatism etc. under certain physical and chemical conditions. By temperature of hydrothermal solution, such geological process can be divided into epithermal,mesothermal and high-hydrothermal mineralization.

低温热液成矿作用中的低温，是指形成矿物的温度低于200摄氏度。由于温度相对较低，所以形成的深度仅仅是地下两千米至地表的范围，这里展示了这种矿床产生的代表矿物：辰砂、辉锑矿、雌黄、雄黄等。

Epithermal mineralization occurs at temperature lower than 200℃. At this low temperature, minerals are formed in deposits at 2,000 meters underground, like cinnabar, stibnite, orpiment and realgar etc. displayed here.

这里就以辰砂为例，为您详细介绍吧。辰砂是地表或地下水在循环中从地壳中带来的汞离子，在浅层低温条件下与硫离子结合的产物。辰砂的形成温度在200至50摄氏度的范围内，温度达到300摄氏度，会分解为二氧化汞和硫化物，达到400摄氏度，则会汽化，所以辰砂是只形成在低温热液矿床中的矿物的典型代表。

Take cinnabar for example. Cinnabar is formed by the combination of sulfide ion with the mercury ion borne from the crust by circulation of surface water or ground water at low temperature. Cinnabar is the representative mineral formed in epithermal(200~50℃) deposit, at 300℃, it will decompose into mercury oxide and sulfide and will vaporize at 400℃.

中温热液形成矿物的温度是200至300摄氏度，这种矿床形成的矿物种类繁多，具有重要的工业价值，比如自然金、自然银、毒砂、黄铁矿、闪锌矿、辉钴矿等。

A wide variety of minerals with high industrial value form in mesothermal (200~300℃) deposit, like native gold, native silver, arsenopyrite, pyrite, zinc blende and cobaltite.

以展品中数量众多的黄铁矿为例，它是自然界分布最广的金属硫化物，在各种地质作用下都能形成，中温热液的温度区间，恰好是适合铁、铜、金、银等多种金属硫化物形成的环境，所以能够形成大量的黄铁矿。

Many items of pyrite are displayed here. Let’s take pyrite for example. It is the most widespread metallic sulfide and can develop at various geological processes. Large quantity of pyrite can occur in mesothermal deposit, for this is a good environment conducive to formation of multiple metal sulfides including iron, copper, gold and silver.

高温热液形成矿物的温度是300至600摄氏度，这种极高的温度主要和岩浆活动有关，因此矿物大多形成在地下4千米至1.5千米的范围。由于地下的温度变化不大，矿物能够缓慢地结晶，从而形成巨大完好的晶体，因此，能形成祖母绿、碧玺等珍贵宝石，这里也展示了高温热液矿床形成的锡石、黑钨矿、辉铋矿、辉钼矿等典型矿物。

High-Hydrothermal deposit is associated with magmatic activity and mostly forms at 4,000-1,500m underground, with a high mineralization temperature of 300-600℃. As the underground temperature seldom changes, on hypothermal deposit the minerals can slowly crystallize into big and intact precious stones like emerald and tourmaline, and typical minerals can develop like cassiterite, wolframite, bismuthinite and molybdenite displayed here.

锡石是锡的主要矿物，在地壳中锡的含量较少，锡矿床的形成和地壳深处的岩浆活动密切相关。当岩浆由地下深处上升时，由于温度、压力等的改变，岩浆中一些易凝固的矿物首先结晶出来，剩下的岩浆一部分侵入岩石的空隙中，其中的锡的化合物发生水解，就生成了含锡的锡石。

Cassiterite is a major tin mineral, tin content is low in the crust, and the formation of tin deposit is closely associated with magmatic activity. When lava moves up from deep underground, the easily-solidified minerals in it crystallize due to changes of temperature and pressure, and when some remaining lava flows into the rock crevices, its tin compound hydrolyzes into tin-bearing cassiterite.

在一定的空间范围内形成的不同种类的矿物，可以形成矿物的共生或伴生组合，这些矿物在一定的条件下,有规律地组合在一起,就成为了构成地壳的岩石。

The minerals formed under a certain space can intergrow or form in association with other minerals following some rules under certain conditions, to constitute the rock strata of Earth’s crust.

岩石按照成因的不同而分为岩浆岩、沉积岩和变质岩。岩浆岩是由岩浆冷却凝固形成的岩石，也是构成地壳最主要的岩石，常见的岩浆岩有花岗岩、玄武岩、流纹岩等。

Rocks can be divided into magmatic rock, sedimentary rock and metamorphic rock by genesis. Magmatic rock, the fundamental component of the crust, is formed through cooling and condensation of lava. The typical species are granite, basalt and rhyolite.

在靠近一号馆后门的位置，您就能看到一块巨大的岩浆岩，虽然它绿色的外表看起来非常宁静，但它却是由猛烈的火山爆发形成的，炽热的岩浆垂挂覆盖在角砾岩上，凝固后，就形成了这巨大的“岩浆垂凝体”，它生动再现了亿年岩浆喷涌与凝结的千古遗韵。站在它的右前方观察，您还会发现它像一个高鼻梁的外国人正凝神思考呢，所以这件展品也被命名为“大卫沉思”。

By the back door of the hall, you will note a colossal magmatic rock. Despite its tranquil look, it is actually a breccia draped over by lava by condensation after violent eruption. It vividly represents the time-honored flavor of magmatic spewing and condensation. Looking at it from right, you will find a man lost in deep thoughts, hence this item is named “David in meditation”.

沉积岩是地表分布最广泛的岩石类型，由松散的碎屑堆积、固结形成，常见的沉积岩有页岩、砂岩、石灰岩等，其中蕴含着丰富的矿物以及石油、煤炭等重要资源。此外，还能找到完整保存的化石，所以沉积岩对于地质研究有重要的意义。

Sedimentary rocks, the most widespread rock on Earth surface, are formed by accumulation and consolidation of loose debris, represented by shale, sandstone and limestone etc. that contain rich minerals and other important resources like petroleum and coal. Besides, as sedimentary rocks contain intact fossils, they are important objects to geological study.

“大卫沉思”前方这件名为“秀峰藏宝”的展品，就属于沉积岩，它是由在宁静的溶洞洞底水潭中的碳酸钙沉淀结晶形成的，晶体有充分的生长环境，所以完整而美丽如花。

This item named “Buried Treasure” before “David in Meditation” is a sedimentary rock. It is a perfect, beautiful flower formed by sedimentation and crystallization of calcium carbonate in tranquil water pool at the cave bottom, which formed a spacious growing environment for crystals.

变质岩是地壳中形成的岩浆岩或沉积岩由于温度、压力、应力等环境因素的改变，在基本保持固态岩石的状态下，化学成分、岩石结构等发生改变，形成的新岩石类型，常见的变质岩有大理岩、板岩、片麻岩等。

Metamorphic rock is a new type of rock formed through changes of chemical composition and structure (in the form of solid rock) of magmatic rock or sedimentary rock under changed temperature, pressure, stress and other environment factors. Representative metamorphic rocks include marble, slate and gneiss.

在展区中央的大型金矿的围岩就属于变质岩，它是由于受到较大的构造应力而形成的，在它原有的自然面上，能看到断层错动形成的扭曲的擦痕，而在剖面上，还能看到由于岩石错动而产生的薄弱地带富集了多种金属矿物。这可是一块重达18吨重的金矿，除金之外，它还含有银、铜、铅、锌等多种矿物。

This wall of the large gold ore at the hall center is a class of metamorphic rock formed under strong tectonic stress. Distorted striations formed by faulting are noted on its original natural faces, while on the section metallic mineral enrichment is visible at the weak zone formed by rock movement. This is a gold ore, weighing as much as 18 tons, is composed of gold and other minerals including silver, copper, lead and zinc.

在岩石形成后,它们依然会随着时间和环境的改变而发生变化，所以岩石与矿物一样,都是地质作用一定发展阶段的产物。

Rocks still change with time and environment after their formation, so both rock and mineral are products of geological processes at certain development stage.

眼前的这座“花果山”，也是地质作用的产物，它是流水的搬运作用、岩石的沉积作用共同作用的结果，是我们在第一展区也看到过的钟乳石中的石笋，您可以站在它的正前方欣赏，是不是觉得像有很多小猴子在山上嬉戏着，所以我们给它取了个有趣的名字叫“群猴望月”，是不是很形象呢。

This “Flower and Fruit Mountain” is also a product of multiple geological processes including transportation of water and sedimentation of rocks, and the stalagmite we saw in No.1 Exhibition Section. When you look at it from the front, you will see a lot of “monkeys” playing merrily on the mountain. They have an interesting name: “the monkeys watching the moon”. It is a proper name, isn’t it?

看过了地质作用的产物，请您转进这个展区的最后一个单元，您可通过丰富的展品，全面了解地质作用现象。

What we have seen are products of geological processes, now let’s move on to the last section of this exhibition hall, where you will know these processes better through our rich collection of items.

目光转向靠墙一侧的展品，您也许一眼就看到了一副石画，画中树木森然、枝繁叶茂，或许有人会认为是植物化石，其实它是名副其实的“假化石”，名叫做模树石，“模树”二字指的是它的纹路模仿树木的形态，当然，在这里也是一语双关，展现了大自然的魔术。同时，它也是外力地质作用的综合体现。外力地质作用可能听起来不太容易理解，但其实我们生活中常见的刮风、下雨都属于此类，它们影响着地貌和岩石的形态。

Now look at this item by the wall. At first glance you will note this is a stone painting of a leafy and lush tree. Maybe someone will say it is a plant fossil, but actually it is a “pseudo fossil” called dendrite. The name of “dendrite” vividly expresses its shape of tree, and exhibits the magic of Nature. Besides, it is an embodiment of surface processes. This term may sound abstract, actually the wind and rain in our daily life is part of the process, and affect the forms of terrain and rocks.

外力地质作用的整个过程开始于风化，就让我们从风化作用开始了解吧，在模树石的下方，就是岩石被风化的实例。

人们常用“海枯石烂不变心”来表达对爱情的坚贞，其实，海是会枯的，石头也是会烂的，造成石头烂掉的原因就是风化作用。风化作用就是在地表或接近地表的常温条件下，坚硬的岩石被破坏，在原地被分解成松散的碎屑的过程。

As the surface process begins with weathering, let’s first learn about weathering. The lower portion of dendrite has been weathered. People implicate an abiding faithfulness with the idiom “my heart will not change even the seas run dry and the rocks crumble”. Actually, the sea will dry up and stone will break one day, a process caused by weathering. Weathering refers to the process of hard rocks being damaged and decomposed in situ into loose debris around or under surface temperature.

剥蚀是外力地质作用的第二个过程，指的是把岩石上被风化分解的部分从原地剥离的作用，这种作用塑造了地表千姿百态的地貌形态。流水、冰川、风沙，都能产生剥蚀作用。流水的剥蚀作用中，有一类叫做溶蚀，石林的奇峰怪石就是这样产生的，与风化一样，岩石有着不同的抗剥蚀能力，这叫做差异溶蚀。

Denudation is the second surface process, namely the removal of weathered parts from the rocks, which molds a great variety of landforms on the surface. Flowing water, glacier, wind and sand can affect such process. There is one kind of water denudation called corrosion, which produces the arduous peaks and grotesque rocks in stone forest, and similar to weathering, the corrosion of rocks with different anti-denudation capacity is called differential corrosion.

被风化和剥蚀形成的松散碎屑通常会被风、流水、甚至某些生物搬运到其它地方。当搬运的力量减弱，或到达了适宜的地方，这些物质就会沉淀、堆积在一起，这就叫做沉积，由于重力作用，这些沉积物将变得越来越坚硬，最终形成了新的岩石。您在这里看到的龟背石、各种石结核，以及地表的大部分岩石，都是经历了这样的过程而形成的，这就是成岩作用。

The weathered and stripped debris are then transported by wind, water or even some creatures, and will deposit or pile up a at a suitable location when these carrying forces grow weak. Under the gravitational process, these sediments will harden and finally form new rocks. This is called diagnosis, and the septarian boulder, stone nuclei and most rocks on ground surface are all formed in this process.

龟背石是一种特殊的成岩结核，因类似龟背的花纹而得名。龟纹分凹纹和凸纹，往往需要打磨清理干净后，才显现出它的凹凸纹理。

Septarian boulder is a special diagenetic nodule so named  for its moire-like pattern. These patterns can be concave or convex, and will reveal themselves only after the stone is polished and cleaned.

作为一种地质遗迹，龟背石记录了地质历史上发生的重大事件，它们是在富水凝胶沉积物中析出的结核物质经脱水收缩而成的裂隙，被其它矿物充填而成。

As a geological relic, septarian boulders record the major events in geological history, and were formed by other minerals filling the cracks through syneresis of nuclei separated from water-rich gel deposits.

眼前看到的这些石结核是在地壳中的沉积物沉积后的一个漫长的成岩过程中，在物以类聚的化学作用下，矿物聚集而生长形成的类似球状的矿物团块。它们分布广泛，种类繁多，按照物质组成可以分为硅质结核、钙质结核、黄铁矿结核等。这件黄铁矿结核是硫化亚铁溶液涌入黏土、砂岩中，聚集岩石颗粒而形成的，由于外表呈现金黄色，形状奇特，是一种极具价值的观赏石。

These stone nuclei are spheroidal mineral mass formed by concentration of minerals of the same group during the long mineralization after crust sedimentation. There are a great variety of nuclei, which are widespread and can be divided by composition into siliceous, calcareous and pyrite nuclei etc. Such pyrite nuclei were formed by ferrous oxide solution pouring into clay, sandstone and gluing the rock particles. With golden color and distinctive shape, it serves as a shape stone with good aesthetic value.

在外力地质作用中，水扮演了一个非常重要的角色，它既是地表最强的搬运工，也是最优秀的地形塑造大师，您在喀斯特地貌专题展区以及本展区欣赏到的各类钟乳石、模树石、以及馆外壮观的石林景观，都离不开这位大师的功劳。

Water plays an important role in exogenic geological process, for it is not only the best carrier, but also a top landform sculptor. The stalactites, dendrite at the theme exhibition of Karst landform and the grand stone forest outside this museum are all master pieces of this creator.

内力地质作用通常在地壳和地幔进行，而且过程缓慢，比如地壳运动造成的大陆漂移，时间周期长达数亿年，所以我们很难直观地感受到它，但有时，蕴藏在地下的能量会一口气释放出来，或冲破地表，造成剧烈而震撼的地震或火山喷发。

Endogenic geological process generally take place in the crust and mantle, and as they last a long period of time (e.g. continental drift caused by crustal movement lasting as long as several hundred million years), we can’t feel them. However, the underground power may unexpectedly be released, breaking the surface and forming violent earthquake or volcanic eruption.

在由水塑造的钟乳石莲台对面，展示了火山弹、晶腺体、火山排气锥以及玄武岩的杏仁构造。这些就是内力地质作用的产物了。

The volcanic bomb, crystal gland, cone and amygdule on basalt displayed opposite the stalactite lotus throne molded by water are all products of interior processes.

火山弹是火山喷发时被抛到空中的岩浆，在快速旋转飞行过程中迅速冷却形成的岩石块。因为快速冷凝收缩，它们外壳通常呈现玻璃质，内部多孔洞，甚至有的中空。火山弹可以直接反映岩浆的成分和物质来源，是有科学价值的观赏石种之一，越来越受到观赏石收藏者的青睐。

A volcanic bomb is the rock mass formed by the rapidly cooled lava during its fast swirling fly after being ejected to sky in volcanic eruption. The rapid condensation and contraction gave them porous grassy shells or even hollow shells. Volcanic bomb shows the composition and source material of lava, and is very precious to the stone collectors for its scientific value.

在喷出地表的岩浆冷却凝固时，岩浆中包含的气体会向外排放，这个过程中，当气体聚集到一处，就会使还没完全凝固、处于半流质状态的岩石内部产生尖锥形的空洞，就形成了这颇具观赏价值的火山排气锥。您仔细看会发现，空洞中有许多水晶，它们是在排气锥凝固后形成的。

When the lava spewed above the surface cools down and condensates, the air contained within is released. At concentration of air during this process, a conical cavity will take form inside the semi-fluid rock (not completely solidified). That is this attractive cone. Taking a closer look, you will find in the cavity clusters of crystals formed after solidification of the cones.

这里展示的岩浆活动形成的产物中，有一件非常有趣，看着像巧克力蛋糕，而名字也会让人想到食物，叫做玄武岩杏仁体，这其实是一个专业的地质学名词——杏仁构造，指的是喷出地表的岩浆在冷却凝固时，大量的气体从中逃逸，之后在形成的岩石上留下了一个个杏仁形状的空洞，这些空洞后期被别的物质填充，就叫做杏仁构造。

We have one interesting item formed in magmatic activity, for it looks like a chocolate cake and its name reminds us of food. It’s called amygdule in basalt, a geological term of amygdaloidal structure. This structure refers to the amygdaloidal cavities left on rocks following escape of massive gas during cooling and condensation of lave ejected above the ground, and later on filled by other objects.

地球的内力和外力地质作用是同时存在，并相互影响的。地质作用塑造了多种多样的地形地貌，强烈地影响着气候以及水资源与土壤的分布，创造出了适于人类生存的环境，但也会给人带来危害，如地震、火山爆发、洪水泛滥等。人类无力改变地质作用的规律，但可以认识和运用这些规律，使之向有利于人的方向发展，防患于未然。

Exogenic and endogenic geological processes on the Earth coexist and affect each other. Geological processes mold various landforms, with drastic impact on the climate and distribution of water resources and soil and creating an inhabitable environment for human being. Meanwhile they bring calamities like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and floods etc. Although unable to change the rules of geological processes, people can make use of them and prevent harmful effects by knowing and understanding such rules.

在整个一号馆，您了解了喀斯特地貌、地球生命演化、地壳的组成物质、宝玉石以及地质作用和现象，它们在浩瀚的时间和广阔的空间中，呈现出立体的环境、生物和物质多样性，让人们不禁感叹大自然的鬼斧神工。

You have walked through the No.1 Exhibition Hall for the Karst landform, the history of life evolution, the physical makeup of the crust, gems and precious stones and various geological processes and phenomena. They form a three-dimensional environment of biological and material diversity in the long time and wide space. They are sources of endless amazement created by the exquisite craftsmanship of Mother Nature.

环境、物质的多样性是人类能够广泛利用大自然馈赠的各种资源的前提。接下来请您移步二号馆，了解环境、物质多样性对我们人类生存发展的影响。

Diversity of environment and materials is the precondition for people to make use of the plentiful resources bestowed by the Nature. Now let’s move on to No.2 Exhibition Hall, to understand the influence of environmental and material diversity on the existence and development of man.

欢迎您来到三叠纪古海世界专题展区，在这片奇幻的史前海洋世界展现的，是地球历史上三叠纪的海洋景观。

Welcome to the Theme Exhibition of the Ocean World in Triassic Period. Here we will see what the ocean world looked like in the Triassic Period.

进入展区，您首先看到的是海百合及其生活状态的一个场景，展品的中间部分是一块巨大的浮木，海百合就附着在它的表面随波逐流，这种搭便车式的生存策略能够极大地减轻它们的能量消耗，可以说是非常聪明的一种生活方式吧。但有时候聪明反被聪明误，大量的海百合采取同样的生存策略，有时会让浮木不堪重负，导致集体下沉而葬身海底的悲剧，这件壮观的化石有可能就是这样形成的。

What we see first is a crinoid, and a scene showing the living environment of the crinoid. At the center of the scene is a huge piece of driftwood, on which the crinoid lives. It is a very wise survival strategy for the crinoid to get a free ride and thereby greatly reduce its energy consumption. But sometimes this trick is inadvisable. When too many of crinoids, pursuing the same strategy, take the same ride, their "boat" will sink due to the heavy load and will kill them all at the bottom of the sea—this magnificent fossil may have been formed in this way.

顺着左边的通道前行,您将进入副厅，此刻展现在您左手边墙面上的是一副“龙游百合间”的三叠纪海洋景观，展品主体为海百合，上下角各有一条孙氏新铺龙，属于海龙目，其吻部尖而长，长有带爪的四肢。三叠纪海洋物种丰富，除了海百合外，新铺龙也是当时最繁盛的物种之一，它们体型娇小，最大的也不过两米左右，在大型海洋生物横行的三叠纪，这样的体型只能算做小不点了。

Go along the path on the left side and you will get to the side hall. On your left side and on the wall is the scene name “The Syngnathus Swimming among Crinoids". The item shows some crinoids at the center and two Xinpusaurus suni at the upper and lower corners, respectively. Xinpusaurus suni, as a genus of thalattosaur, is a creature with a pointed and long muzzle and four limbs with claws. In the Triassic Period when marine species were thriving, crinoid and Xinpusaurus suni were two of the most popular species. They are small in stature, with a maximum length of only about 2 meters—a very inferior number compared with other huge marine animals prevailing in the Triassic Period.

继续前行，您将看到另外一条体型中等的海龙，它叫做黄果树安顺龙，您可能注意到它的身体扭曲得十分夸张，这证明它的柔韧性极好。黄果树安顺龙是我国第一个命名的海龙类，因此具有重大的科学意义。研究表明，它生活于浅海，为躲避天空和海里的天敌威胁，它皮肤上形成一种斑纹状的“保护色”，可以说是一种非常聪明的龙，您看它前面展牌上的复原图，还很有美感，不是吗？

Keep going and you will see another medium-sized syngnathus, which we call Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis . You may notice that its body is so twisted and you can tell its flexibility. As Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis is the first syngnathus species that is named by China, it is of great significance to scientific research. Research shows that it lived in the shallow sea. To avoid the threat of natural enemies in the sky and sea, it has a striped "protective color" on its skin. We can tell that it is a very intelligent species. Look at the restoration picture of it on the display board in front of us. It is very beautiful, isn't it?

海龙有大有小，鱼龙也一样，我们把目光转向黄果树安顺龙对面的墙上，这里展现了体型十分娇小的17条混鱼龙，它们体长均不到1米，与它们娇小的身形相比，巨大的眼眶特别引人注目，这大眼可不是为了卖萌，而是为了眼观六路，它们可是一种感官非常灵敏的鱼龙哦。

There were big and small syngnathus, so were ichthyosaurs. Let us turn our eyes to the wall opposite to theAnshunsaurus huangguoshuensis . There are 17 Mixosaurus, all of which are small, with a maximum length less than 1 meter. Compared with their petite figure, their big eyes are especially attractive. However, these big eyes are not for acting cute, but for a broader view of vision—they are a ichthyosaur species with sharp senses.

欣赏完呆萌的混鱼龙，请您转身往它们的斜对面继续观赏，是不是又发现了一条体型更大的海龙呢，它叫做短吻贫齿龙，体长4.3米，龙如其名，嘴短而直，牙齿稀少，上颌仅前颌骨部分有六颗圆锥状齿。它的另一个显著特征就是超长的尾巴，仅尾部就能达到2.5米。欣赏完副厅的几条形态不同的龙与海百合化石，接下来请您走出副厅往左手边转，去欣赏展馆内体型最庞大的“鱼龙之王”。

Let us say good bye to the cute ichthyosaurs and turn to the item diagonally opposite. It is a Miodentosaurus brevis, which is a genus of Thalattosaur. Miodentosaurus brevis is bigger in stature, with a body length of 4.3 meters. Brevis is the Latin word for short, implying the short and straight muzzle of Miodentosaurus brevis. Miodentosaurus brevis has just a few teeth, with only six conical maxillary teeth in its upper jaw. In addition to this, the 2.5 meters long tail is another physical feature of Miodentosaurus brevis. After watching these ocean lizards in different shapes and crinoid fossils in the side hall, please get out of the side hall and turn to the left side to enjoy the largest ichthyosaur in the exhibit hall, the "king of ichthyosaurs".

走出副厅，您很可能已经被中央大厅的壮观展品震撼得瞠目结舌了，不过，好东西总要一件件地慢慢欣赏，在靠左手边的墙面上，有一个脖子很长的古怪家伙，它其实是生活在三叠纪海洋中的半水生爬行动物——长颈龙，名字源于它们超长的颈部，长颈龙一般体长4到6米，而其中四分之三的长度都在颈部，长颈龙虽适应水下生活，却并不擅长游泳，它们利用长颈，以伏击的方式捕食鱼类，也以水生昆虫、贝类为食。

You may be still in astonishment thinking of what you saw in the central hall, but that's not all. Please look at the wall on the left side. It is a Tanystropheus, a strange semi-aquatic reptile living in the ocean in the Triassic Period. Its name derives from its super-long neck—a Tanystropheus is about 4 to 6 meters long in general, with its neck accounting for three fourths of the total. Though adapted to live underwater, these long-necked animals were not good at swimming. They used their long necks to ambush fish and feed on aquatic insects and shellfish.

三叠纪是一个“龙行天下”的时代，继续前行您将会与巨龙相遇，眼前的巨无霸看上去是不是特别眼熟，如果您对一号馆那条鱼龙还有印象的话，那么不妨做个对比，眼前这条鱼龙，几乎是它的两倍大，它是最庞大而古老的鱼龙家族成员之一，名为萨斯特鱼龙。它可以算得上三叠纪中晚期最具有代表性的鱼龙之一，由于比较古老，所以并没有长着背鳍和尾鳍，但这丝毫掩盖不了它的王者气质，它是这片古海世界中的“鱼龙之王”。

Lizard-like animals were everywhere in the Triassic Period. Go ahead and you will meet with a giant lizard. Don't you feel familiar with the huge ocean lizard? If you still have an impression of the ichthyosaur shown in Hall 1, then you will find this one is two times as big as the former. This one, called Shastasaurus, is one of the largest and most ancient members of the ichthyosaur family. It can be regarded as one of the most representative ichthyosaurs in the middle and late Triassic Period. As it lived in more ancient times, it did not have dorsal and caudal fins, but this did not reduce its dignity as the "King of Ichthyosaurs" in the ancient ocean world.

沿着“鱼龙之王”尾部的方向右转，您将进入另一侧的副厅，里面同样展出了丰富的海百合化石，它们形成一幅幅姿态各异的美丽画卷，若您感兴趣，可以前往一一品鉴，欣赏它们的天然之美。

Go in the direction where the tail of the "King of Ichthyosaurs" is pointing and you will enter the hall at the other side. A lot of crinoid fossils in different shapes are displayed there, creating a beautiful picture. You can go and enjoy their natural beauty.

在这个副厅内，有一件展品需要单独为您介绍一下，它就是这里唯一的鱼龙——梁氏关岭鱼龙，它是一种大型鱼龙，与萨斯特鱼龙一样，属于萨斯特鱼龙科，但它的命名可谓一波三折，现在这个名称，是它的不完整化石首次被发现时就使用的，但在更多化石被发现后，它又被改名为梁氏萨斯特鱼龙，然而，随着研究的深入，人们发现了它许多不同于萨斯特鱼龙的特征，于是又恢复了最初的这个名称。它的经历告诉我们，科学研究，是一个严谨而又不断推翻过去的过程。

Here we have an item worth to be introduced specially. It is the only ichthyosaur shown here, the Guanlingsaurus Liangae. With a large body, Guanlingsaurus Liangae belongs to Shastasauridae, the same family of Shastasaurus. There is a long story about the name of Guanlingsaurus Liangae. Though the name Guanlingsaurus Liangae was given when the incomplete fossil of the species was discovered for the first time, the name later was changed into Shastasaurus liangae. However, with the progress of research, a lot of properties of "Shastasaurus liangae" were found different from those of Shastasaurus, so the name is changed back into Guanlingsaurus Liangae. This story gives us a lesson that scientific research is always pursuing preciseness even though sometimes it requires weeding out the old things.

正如梁氏关岭鱼龙的命名过程一波三折一样，走进中央大厅，这两幅极为壮观的海百合墙与您的相遇，也是非常不容易的，它们高达17米，总面积超过200平方米，全面展现出两亿三千多万年前，创孔海百合群落的古海自然生态。在当时的发掘现场，海百合化石几乎布满整个山头的岩层层面，由此可见发掘、运输、安装工程的艰巨，以及后期修复工作的无微不至。

Similar to the history of the naming of Guanlingsaurus Liangae, the next two spectacular pictures of crinoids on the wall are worth the effort. With a height of 17 meters and a total area of over 200 square meters, these two pictures show us the ancient marine ecosystem of the Traumatocrinus community more than 230 million years ago. At the excavation site, almost all the rock layers of the mountain were covered by crinoid fossils, from which we can image how difficult it was to complete the excavation, transportation and installation, and how strict the requirements are for the repair work in the later stage.

展品中的化石形态丰富，包括海百合生长的各个时期，花冠保存形态多样，侧视、背视以及最难得见到的口面俯视，皆有全面的完美展现；其中以口面朝上的俯视状态最为罕见而重要，这不仅是海百合分类及鉴定属种的重要依据，更是揭露海百合用腕枝、羽枝捕食微生物入口的奥秘所在。这样宏伟壮观、保存完整的天然海百合化石在自然界中难寻踪迹。

These fossils with various corolla shapes show different phases of the growth of crinoid. And related side, dorsal and oral views are provided to let us learn about crinoid comprehensively. The oral view with the actinal surface upward is rarely seen and most important, as the view not only provides an important basis for the identification and classification of crinoids, but also shows how a crinoid uses its arms and pinnule to feed on microorganisms. These spectacular and well-preserved natural crinoid fossils are a very rare sight.

中央大厅里，汇集了许多震撼力十足的展品，与它们相比，正中央C位出道的展品却显得十分朴素，其实，它可以说是这里最具内涵的展品，因为在其中，包含了多种生物化石，集中展现了三叠纪海洋生态系统的多样性，在这件展品上我们能看到中央有条短吻贫齿龙，右下角有周氏黔鱼龙，其上有鳞齿鱼，左上角有新铺中国豆齿龙，另外上面还有菊石、海百合等化石，或许您会觉得这些化石的轮廓很模糊，其实是因为它基本保留了发现时的原貌，没有经过人工修复，是一件古朴原真的化石展品，它不仅具有非常高的科研价值，也蕴含了丰富的趣味性和观赏性。

In the central hall we have many fascinating items on show. The one at the center of the exhibit area, though not very attractive by its appearance, is actually the item most informative. That is because it includes a variety of fossils, which work as a whole to show us the diversity of the marine ecosystem in the Triassic Period. Watching it we can find a Miodentosaurus brevis at the center, qianichthyosaurus zhoui at the lower right corner, above which is Lepidotes, Cyamodontoid (discovered in Xinpu, China) at upper left corner, as well as ammonite and crinoid fossils. These fossils are obscure because their appearance has been largely preserved without any artificial restoration since they were discovered. In a pretty natural condition, this item is both a great treasure for scientific research and an interesting ancient object worthy of appreciation.

在古朴原真化石的的对面，是巨大的猛犸象和披毛犀骨架，它们虽然不属于三叠纪，也不生活在海洋中，但犹如两位威武的镇馆大将军与巨幅海百合化石共同构成了壮观的景象。

At the opposite side of the natural fossils are the skeletons of a huge mammoth and a woolly rhinoceros. Though they lived neither in the Triassic Period nor in the ocean, they are now standing here as if they are two warriors protecting this big crinoid fossil family, leaving us a spectacular sight.

猛犸象又名长毛象，生活在第四纪冰川时代，是一种适应寒冷气候的大型哺乳动物。曾经是世界上体型最大的象，也是在陆地上生存过的最大的哺乳动物，在距今约1万年前，猛犸象陆续灭绝，这被视作一个冰川时代结束的标志。旧石器时代的早期智人，对猛犸象的狩猎与杀戳，无疑也加速了其灭绝的厄运。不过，即使灭绝了，它们依然在守护着生存于现代的大象同胞，因为在国际上，猛犸象的象牙是不禁止交易的，猛犸象牙的交易，减少了人类对现存大象的屠杀。在这里，也要呼吁大家不要购买象牙制品，没有买卖，就没有伤害。

The mammoth lived in the Quaternary Glacial Period and was a large mammal adapted to cold climates. It was once the largest elephant-like animal and terrestrial mammal in the world. The extinction of mammoths about 10,000 years ago is considered as a sign of the end of the Glacial Age. The Homo sapiens living in the early Paleolithic Period, who hunted and killed mammoths, also accelerated the pace of the extinction. Though mammoths have been extinct for many years, they are still guarding their modern-day siblings, because internationally, mammoth tusks are allowed to be traded, which indirectly reduces the number of elephants slaughtered. Here we also want to call on everyone not to buy any ivory product. No trade, no harm.

披毛犀从名字可以知道，它是一种身披长毛的史前犀牛。它们度过冰川时代，并活跃在欧亚大陆北部，曾是旧石器时代人类的狩猎对象，灭绝时间至今只有一万年左右，是最晚灭绝的史前犀。

The woolly rhinoceros, as its name implies, is a prehistoric rhinoceros with a covering of long hair. They survived the glacial age, thrived in northern Eurasia and were hunted by Paleolithic people. Becoming extinct about 10,000 years ago, Woolly rhinoceros is the last generation of prehistoric rhinoceroses.

在这里，您欣赏到的三叠纪海洋生物构成了一幅奇妙的古海动物生态系统，是难得的珍稀化石宝库。它们集中反映了在二叠纪末，地球发生了最严重的生物大灭绝事件之后，地球生态系统的重新恢复和建立的景象，对探索生物演化、生物多样性以及重塑当时的海洋环境有着十分重要的意义。

These fossils of the marine life in the Triassic Period as a whole are a precious treasure showing us the amazing ancient marine ecosystem. From them we can learn about how the Earth's ecology system recovered and developed after the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian Period. This is also of great significance to the research of biological evolution and biodiversity, as well as the remodeling of the marine environment at that time.

探索了神秘的史前海洋，接下来请您移步二楼，到宝玉石赏鉴专题展区去见证宝玉石的前世今生吧。

Let's say good bye to the mysterious prehistoric sea and move to the second floor to learn about the history of gems and jades in the Theme Exhibition of Gems and Jades.